| Literature DB >> 35616197 |
Qingqing Ke1, Shiyan Li1, Dingnan Wang1, Qin Zhou1, Fan Zhou1, Yijiang Bei1, Xiaoming Chen1, Yang Wang1.
Abstract
With the rapid expansion of fisheries, one of the most significant limitations to the sustainable development of fisheries in China is the quality and safety of fishery products owing to the abuse of fishery drugs and the use of illegal and/or restricted chemicals in fishery drugs. A range of chemicals that are potential hazards to fishery drugs were selected for screening in this study. A comprehensive analytical method was developed, based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), for the rapid screening of 86 types of illegally added chemicals in fishery drugs. The fishery drug samples were extracted with 80% (v/v) acetonitrile aqueous solution and diluted to reduce matrix effects. The 86 target compounds were separated on an ACQUITY PREMIER HSS T3 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), with methanol and 0.1% formic acid as mobile phases, via gradient elution. The extract was directly analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS using electrospray ionization in the positive mode. The external standard method was used for quantification. In this study, the extraction reagent and purification procedure were selected to develop a simple and effective pre-treatment protocol. The effects of the chromatographic column, mobile phase, and fragmentation voltage on the separation and sensitivity of the 86 substances were evaluated to determine the optimum instrument conditions. An accurate mass database and fragment ion library were created for the rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of the 86 illegally added chemicals in fishery drugs. The retention time, isotopic abundance and spacing, and precise mass of the principal diagnostic ion for each analyte were used for identification. The information on the fragment ions obtained from the target MS/MS profiles was compared with that from a database to ensure the accuracy of the qualitative results. The chromatographic peak area of each target analyte was used for quantification. The analytical detection was based on the retention time deviation of ±0.35 min, accurate mass deviation of ±10×10-6, and major adduct forms, including [M+H]+, [M+Na]+, and [M+NH4]+. To evaluate the matrix effects of the 86 target chemicals at varied dilution ratios, two types of antibiotics and four types of Chinese herbal medicines were selected as typical samples. Considering the instrument tolerance as well as sensitivity and accuracy of the procedure, the recommended dilution ratios for antibiotics and Chinese herbal medicines were 50 times and 10 times, respectively. Two different types of calibration curves were prepared; one was the solvent calibration curve for antibiotics and the other was the matrix calibration curve for Chinese herbal medicines. For a given concentration, the calibration curves of the 86 target chemicals were linear with correlation coefficients of at least 0.99. The recoveries ranged from 76.8% to 112.1% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) (n=3) of less than 11.7%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) ranges of the compounds in Chinese herbal medicines and antibiotics were 1-15 mg/kg and 5-75 mg/kg, respectively. To evaluate the screening detection limits (SDLs) of each compound, a mixed standard solution was added to a fishery drug sample at varied concentrations. The SDL ranges of the compounds in Chinese herbal medicines and antibiotics were 1-15 and 5-50 mg/kg, respectively. This approach resulted in SDLs that satisfy the actual screening requirements. Because of its rapid nature, simplicity, accuracy, and sensitivity, the method may be used in the high-throughput screening and identification of illegally added chemicals in many types of fishery drugs. This method was applied to a monitoring project for the quality and safety of fishery inputs in Zhejiang Province. Sixty fishery drug samples were evaluated, among which eight Chinese herbal medicine samples were found to contain unspecified ingredients and one antibiotic sample was found to be free of any active substances. Thus, an effective technical method to monitor the quality and safety of fishery drugs was developed.Entities:
Keywords: fishery drugs; illegally added chemicals; rapid screening; ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2022 PMID: 35616197 PMCID: PMC9404155 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2021.11023
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
86种化合物的分子式、保留时间、质量偏差、检索得分和其他质谱参数
| Compound | Formula | Precursor | Fragment ions ( | Mass | Score | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sulfonamides | ||||||||||||
| Sulfadiazine (磺胺嘧啶) | C10H10N4O2S | 4.546 | 251.05949 | 156.01120, 108.04430, 92.04940 | -1.28 | 97.26 | ||||||
| Sulfathiazole (磺胺噻唑) | C9H9N3O2S2 | 5.091 | 256.02121 | 156.01144, 108.04450, 92.04980 | -0.73 | 97.21 | ||||||
| Sulfapyridine (磺胺吡啶) | C11H11N3O2S | 5.369 | 250.06441 | 184.08681, 92.04960, 65.03890 | -0.91 | 97.12 | ||||||
| Sulfamerazine (磺胺甲基嘧啶) | C11H12N4O2S | 5.814 | 265.07587 | 156.01125, 108.04459, 65.03888 | -0.92 | 97.31 | ||||||
| Sulfamethazine (磺胺二甲基嘧啶) | C12H14N4O2S | 6.792 | 279.09201 | 186.03365, 124.08719, 92.04982 | -0.56 | 98.76 | ||||||
| Sulfamonomethoxine (磺胺间甲氧嘧啶) | C11H12N4O3S | 7.337 | 281.07111 | 156.01157, 126.06642, 92.04983 | -0.65 | 97.35 | ||||||
| Sulfamethizole (磺胺甲噻二唑) | C9H10N4O2S2 | 6.636 | 271.03183 | 156.01128, 108.04436, 92.04963 | -0.90 | 95.09 | ||||||
| Sulfameter (磺胺对甲氧嘧啶) | C11H12N4O3S | 6.558 | 281.07098 | 156.01170, 126.06651, 92.04993 | -1.10 | 97.08 | ||||||
| Sulfachloropyridazine (磺胺氯哒嗪) | C10H9ClN4O2S | 7.170 | 285.02069 | 156.01106, 92.04995, 65.03902 | -0.93 | 98.85 | ||||||
| Sulfamethoxypyridazine (磺胺甲氧哒嗪) | C11H12N4O3S | 6.936 | 281.07011 | 92.04993, 156.01170 | -0.93 | 98.35 | ||||||
| Sulfadoxine (磺胺邻二甲氧嘧啶) | C12H14N4O4S | 7.603 | 311.08188 | 156.01164, 92.04980, 65.03902 | -1.37 | 98.10 | ||||||
| Sulfadimethoxine (磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶) | C12H14N4O4S | 8.426 | 311.08188 | 156.07678, 92.04969, 65.03891 | -1.03 | 96.98 | ||||||
| Sulfamethoxazole (磺胺甲基异噁唑) | C10H11N3O3S | 7.259 | 254.05981 | 156.01135, 108.04437, 92.04968 | -1.07 | 98.41 | ||||||
| Sulfisoxazole (磺胺二甲异噁唑) | C11H13N3O3S | 7.592 | 268.07556 | 156.01135, 113.07117, 92.04985 | -1.15 | 99.40 | ||||||
| Sulfabenzamide (苯甲酰磺胺) | C13H12N2O3S | 7.859 | 277.06448 | 156.01143, 92.04991, 65.03888 | -1.35 | 98.38 | ||||||
| Sulfaquinoxaline (磺胺喹恶啉) | C14H12N4O2S | 8.615 | 301.07587 | 108.04438, 92.04956, 65.03878 | -1.02 | 97.12 | ||||||
| Sulphacetamide (磺胺醋纤) | C8H10N2O3S | 3.535 | 215.04842 | 156.01102, 108.04445, 92.04966 | -0.92 | 98.69 | ||||||
| Trimethoprim (甲氧苄氨嘧啶) | C14H18N4O3 | 6.470 | 291.14603 | 123.06687, 81.04508, 68.03694 | -0.49 | 81.21 | ||||||
| Sulfaphenazole (磺胺苯吡唑) | C15H14N4O2S | 8.182 | 315.09167 | 160.08691, 92.04948, 65.03879 | -0.79 | 98.67 | ||||||
| Quinolones | ||||||||||||
| Enrofloxacin (恩诺沙星) | C19H22FN3O3 | 7.259 | 360.16991 | 342.16180, 286.09937, 84.08111 | -0.50 | 99.71 | ||||||
| Norfloxacin (诺氟沙星) | C16H18FN3O3 | 7.025 | 320.14069 | 303.12708, 234.10332, 70.06547 | -1.30 | 97.22 | ||||||
| Pefloxacin (培氟沙星) | C17H20FN3O3·CH4SO3 | 6.914 | 334.14886 | 316.14542, 232.05943, 70.06556 | -0.79 | 99.38 | ||||||
| Ciprofloxacin (环丙沙星) | C17H18FN3O3 | 7.159 | 332.14063 | 316.14615, 231.05635 | -0.49 | 90.10 | ||||||
| Ofloxacin (氧氟沙星) | C18H20FN3O4 | 6.892 | 362.15140 | 344.14087, 261.10367, 58.06546 | -0.99 | 98.35 | ||||||
| Sarafloxacin (沙拉沙星) | C20H17F2N3O3 | 7.570 | 386.13168 | 368.12033, 299.09836, 270.09607 | -0.5 | 99.42 | ||||||
| Enoxacin (依诺沙星) | C15H17FN4O3 | 6.936 | 321.13754 | 303.12589, 232.05235, 204.05697 | -3.92 | 96.25 | ||||||
| Lomefloxacin (洛美沙星) | C17H19F2N3O3 | 7.370 | 352.14673 | 334.13544, 308.15662, 265.11450 | -1.11 | 98.25 | ||||||
| Nalidixic acid (萘啶酸) | C12H12N2O3 | 9.538 | 233.09242 | 215.08206, 187.05052, 131.06062 | -0.95 | 83.08 | ||||||
| Oxolinic acid (恶喹酸) | C13H11NO5 | 8.771 | 262.07141 | 244.06110, 216.02902, 160.03928 | -1.11 | 84.53 | ||||||
| Flumequin (氟甲喹) | C14H12FNO3 | 9.682 | 262.08786 | 244.07687, 202.03030, 174.03494 | -0.78 | 88.35 | ||||||
| Danofloxacin (达氟沙星) | C19H20FN3O3 | 7.292 | 358.15692 | 340.14630, 255.05676, 82.06566 | -0.65 | 88.45 | ||||||
| Difloxacin (双氟沙星) | C21H19F2N3O3·HCl | 7.448 | 400.14807 | 382.13608, 299.09827, 58.06530 | -0.8 | 99.55 | ||||||
| Orbifloxacin (奥比沙星) | C19H20F3N3O3 | 7.459 | 396.15268 | 352.16428, 295.10602, 267.03815 | -1.00 | 94.54 | ||||||
| Sparfloxacin (司帕沙星) | C19H22F2N4O3 | 7.993 | 393.17398 | 349.18417, 292.12643, 58.06548 | -0.84 | 96.84 | ||||||
| Fleroxacin (氟罗沙星) | C17H18F3N3O3 | 6.659 | 370.13788 | 326.14777, 269.09048, 58.06532 | -0.93 | 96.62 | ||||||
| Cephalosporins | ||||||||||||
| Cephalexin (头孢氨苄) | C16H17N3O4S | 6.992 | 348.10022 | 140.01656, 106.06514, 68.05019 | -1.06 | 89.72 | ||||||
| Cephapirin (头孢匹林钠) | C17H16N3O6S2Na | 5.585 | 424.06357 | 292.05737, 181.04324, 152.01637 | -0.82 | 97.57 | ||||||
| Cefaclor (头孢克洛) | C15H14ClN3O4S | 6.603 | 368.04694 | 174.54530, 106.06565 | -0.07 | 96.51 | ||||||
| Cefixime (头孢克肟) | C16H15N5O7S2 | 7.337 | 454.04984 | 285.02887, 210.02115, 126.01183 | -0.97 | 97.63 | ||||||
| Cephradine (头孢拉定) | C16H19N3O4S | 7.381 | 350.18863 | 191.08199, 108.08082, 91.05441 | -0.32 | 84.89 | ||||||
| Cefquinome (头孢喹肟) | C22H22N6O5S2 | 6.347 | 529.13214 | 134.09663, 167.02542 | 0.31 | 99.49 | ||||||
| Cefetamet pivoxyl (头孢他美酯) | C20H25N5O7S2 | 9.983 | 512.12869 | 398.05936, 241.03958, 57.07028 | -0.36 | 99.58 | ||||||
| Cefazolin (头孢唑啉) | C14H14N8O4S3 | 7.415 | 455.03787 | 323.05524, 295.06052, 156.01146 | -0.63 | 92.67 | ||||||
| Desacetylcefotaxime (3-去乙酰基头孢噻肟) | C14H15N5O6S2 | 5.469 | 414.0545 | 156.02243, 126.01189, 60.04457 | -0.42 | 99.60 | ||||||
| Cefamandole lithium (头孢孟多锂) | C18H17N6O5S2Li | 8.059 | 463.08127 | 347.06961, 158.02698, 68.04770 | 0.78 | 94.31 | ||||||
| Compound | Formula | Precursor | Fragment ions ( | Mass | Score | |||||||
| Cefminox sodium (头孢米诺钠盐) | C16H20N7NaO7S3 | 4.635 | 520.07169 | 161.03818, 215.04808 | 0.68 | 97.37 | ||||||
| Cefoperazone sodium (头孢哌酮钠) | C25H26N9NaO8S2 | 7.781 | 646.14758 | 530.13062, 290.11304, 143.08093 | 1.20 | 92.83 | ||||||
| Cefadroxil (头孢羟氨苄) | C16H17N3O5S | 4.680 | 364.09638 | 208.02491, 114.00074, 68.04988 | -0.63 | 84.34 | ||||||
| Ceftiofur (头孢噻呋) | C19H17N5O7S3 | 8.815 | 524.03809 | 241.03912, 210.02058, 126.01196 | 0.28 | 97.01 | ||||||
| Cefotaxime (头孢噻肟) | C16H17N5O7S2 | 7.203 | 456.06531 | 323.05579, 295.05969, 156.01146 | -0.56 | 98.26 | ||||||
| Ceftazidime (头孢他啶) | C22H22N6O7S2 | 5.747 | 547.10073 | 396.07877, 277.02289, 167.02718 | 0.87 | 97.25 | ||||||
| Cephalonium (头孢洛宁) | C20H18N4O5S2 | 6.114 | 459.07953 | 337.03067, 152.01624, 123.05494 | 0.12 | 99.55 | ||||||
| Cefpirome (头孢喹肟) | C22H22N6O5S2 | 5.558 | 515.11633 | 396.04276, 324.05823, 120.08104 | 0.56 | 98.60 | ||||||
| Hormones | ||||||||||||
| Medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate | C24H34O4 | 11.317 | 387.25415 | 285.22110, 123.08038, 97.06510 | -1.18 | 98.99 | ||||||
| (醋酸甲羟孕酮) | ||||||||||||
| 17-Methyltestosterone (甲基睾酮) | C20H30O2 | 11.205 | 303.23282 | 227.17902, 109.06502, 97.06518 | -1.10 | 98.12 | ||||||
| Testosteronepropionate (丙酸睾丸素) | C22H32O3 | 11.572 | 345.23514 | 97.06500, 109.06480 | -1.14 | 98.62 | ||||||
| Norgestimate (炔诺肟酯) | C23H31NO3 | 11.417 | 370.2388 | 124.07552, 98.06010, 79.05455 | -1.51 | 98.28 | ||||||
| Norethindrone (炔诺酮) | C20H26O2 | 10.872 | 299.20129 | 231.17410, 109.06481, 83.04930 | -0.65 | 97.44 | ||||||
| Testosterone (睾酮) | C19H28O2 | 11.072 | 289.21695 | 109.06510, 97.06523 | -1.00 | 98.57 | ||||||
| Nortestosterone (诺龙) | C18H26O2 | 10.883 | 275.20148 | 257.18985, 109.06498, 83.04929 | -0.96 | 98.29 | ||||||
| Trenbolone (群勃龙) | C18H22O2 | 10.650 | 271.1701 | 199.11153, 107.04932, 83.04940 | -4.29 | 97.20 | ||||||
| D-(-)-Norgestrel (甲基炔酮) | C21H28O2 | 11.150 | 313.21692 | 245.19000, 109.06498, 83.04930 | -1.27 | 98.66 | ||||||
| Megestrol (甲地孕酮) | C22H30O3 | 11.228 | 343.22778 | 267.17401, 187.11162, 97.06499 | -1.27 | 98.20 | ||||||
| Hydrocortisone (氢化可的松) | C21H30O5 | 10.038 | 363.21699 | 327.19510, 121.06483, 97.06495 | -1.09 | 98.59 | ||||||
| Cortisone (可的松) | C21H28O5 | 9.821 | 361.20181 | 163.11154, 121.06488, 93.07002 | -1.13 | 98.94 | ||||||
| Prednisone (泼尼松) | C21H26O5 | 9.727 | 359.18607 | 265.15845, 171.08022, 147.08022 | -0.96 | 98.79 | ||||||
| Nitrofurans | ||||||||||||
| Nitrofurazone (呋喃西林) | C6H6N4O4 | 6.465 | 199.04688 | 182.01959, 108.03228, 54.01043 | -1.33 | 99.73 | ||||||
| Furazolidone (呋喃唑酮) | C8H7N3O5 | 6.558 | 226.04655 | 139.01385, 122.01112, 67.04184 | -0.92 | 99.57 | ||||||
| Nitrofurantoin (呋喃妥因) | C8H6N4O5 | 6.476 | 239.04124 | 103.07568, 59.04915 | 0.50 | 99.43 | ||||||
| Furaltadone (呋喃它酮) | C13H16N4O6 | 4.153 | 325.11456 | 252.09782, 128.10684, 100.07582 | -0.93 | 93.61 | ||||||
| Triphenylmethane | ||||||||||||
| Leucomalachite green (孔雀石绿) | C23H26N2 | 11.222 | 331.21772 | 313.16995, 208.11189 | -0.92 | 99.17 | ||||||
| Malachite green (无色孔雀石绿) | C23H24N2 | 9.977 | 329.20185 | 313.16995, 208.11189 | -0.52 | 83.43 | ||||||
| Tetracyclines | ||||||||||||
| Oxytetracycline (四环素) | C22H24N2O8 | 7.081 | 461.14818 | 201.05482, 426.11868 | 0.49 | 98.75 | ||||||
| Tetracycline (土霉素) | C22H24N2O9 | 6.970 | 445.15327 | 154.04965, 410.12381 | 0.33 | 91.11 | ||||||
| Chlortetracycline (金霉素) | C22H23ClN2O8 | 8.059 | 479.11429 | 154.04990, 444.08395 | 0.52 | 95.27 | ||||||
| Macrolides | ||||||||||||
| Erythromycin (红霉素) | C37H67NO13 | 9.749 | 734.46907 | 576.37170, 158.1160 | -0.19 | 86.42 | ||||||
| Roxithromycin (罗红霉素) | C41H76N2O15 | 10.338 | 837. 5318 | 679.43780, 494.3355 | -0.41 | 87.31 | ||||||
| Lincomycin (林可霉素) | C18H34N2O6S | 6.281 | 407.2137 | 359.21640, 126.1274 | -0.95 | 86.90 | ||||||
| Clarithromycin (克拉霉素) | C38H69NO13 | 10.272 | 748.47689 | 407.22150, 126.1748 | -0.66 | 89.30 | ||||||
| Oleandomycin (磷酸竹桃霉素) | C35H64NO16P | 9.249 | 688.41938 | 544.31530, 158.1753 | -0.63 | 84.78 | ||||||
| Clindamycin (克林霉素) | C18H33ClN2O5S | 8.930 | 425.17987 | 350.22220, 174.1116 | -0.89 | 80.87 | ||||||
| Nitroimidazoles | ||||||||||||
| Dimetriidazole (地美硝唑) | C5H7N3O2 | 4.414 | 142.05383 | 96.01963, 81.15461 | -0.46 | 99.51 | ||||||
| Dimetridazole-2-hydroxy (羟甲基甲硝咪唑) | C5H7N3O3 | 3.599 | 158.04874 | 112.06292, 140.04510 | -0.32 | 99.81 | ||||||
| Hydroxymetronidazole (羟基甲硝唑) | C6H9N3O4 | 2.995 | 188.05931 | 123.05501, 126.02953 | -1.27 | 99.66 | ||||||
| Metronidazole (甲硝唑) | C6H9N3O3 | 4.054 | 172.06439 | 111.04098, 128.04526 | -0.85 | 98.65 | ||||||
| Benzodiazepines | ||||||||||||
| Diazepam (地西泮) | C16H13ClN2O | 10.855 | 285.07164 | 154.04146, 193.08847 | -0.80 | 99.06 | ||||||
图1不同流动相体系下3种磺胺类药物同分异构体的提取离子色谱图
图286种化合物的提取离子流色谱图
图3碎裂电压为70~210 V时10类化合物的平均响应强度趋势
图410类化合物在不同提取体系时的平均回收率
图56种渔药在不同稀释倍数下基质效应在80%~120%之间的化合物数量
图6实际渔药样品中甲氧苄氨嘧啶的(a)提取离子色谱图、 (b)一级质谱同位素分布图、(c)二级质谱图和数据库中的甲氧苄氨嘧啶二级质谱图
实际筛查渔用中草药制剂阳性样品结果
| Sample | Unlisted ingredient | Contents/(mg/kg) | Mass errors/10-6 | Scores (TOF/MS) | Scores (TOF/MS/MS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | enrofloxacin | 3515 | -1.21 | 96 | 90 |
| 2 | trimethoprim | 1121 | 0.93 | 96 | 87 |
| 3 | trimethoprim, enrofloxacin | 452, 289 | 1.12, 0.84 | 92, 94 | 91, 89 |
| 4 | ofloxacin, enrofloxacin | 167, 243 | 0.77, 0.56 | 89, 91 | 84, 90 |
| 5 | trimethoprim | 2278 | 0.97 | 97 | 91 |
| 6 | sulfamethoxazole | 102 | 1.31 | 93 | 93 |
| 7 | trimethoprim | 512 | 0.56 | 95 | 86 |
| 8 | enrofloxacin | 23720 | -0.54 | 95 | 91 |