Chuan Huang1, Qingjun Wu1, Chao Ma1, Peng Jiao1, Yaoguang Sun1, Hongfeng Tong1. 1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic interstitial lung disease with unknown cause, which is closely related to lung cancer. A serious complication called Acute exacerbation of IPF (AE-IPF) is prone to occur after lung resection. It progresses rapidly without effective treatment and has a poor prognosis. A typical case of AE-IPF after lung cancer surgery was reported, and its clinical characteristics, imaging features, diagnosis and treatment were summarized. .
Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic interstitial lung disease with unknown cause, which is closely related to lung cancer. A serious complication called Acute exacerbation of IPF (AE-IPF) is prone to occur after lung resection. It progresses rapidly without effective treatment and has a poor prognosis. A typical case of AE-IPF after lung cancer surgery was reported, and its clinical characteristics, imaging features, diagnosis and treatment were summarized. .
Chest CT (preoperative) : subpleural nodules in the upper lobe of the right lung, 1.6 cm in diameter; There were multiple interlobular septal thickening, ground glass shadow, mesh shadow and cable shadow in both lungs, especially in both lower lungs. CT: computed tomography.
胸部CT(术前):右肺上叶胸膜下类圆形结节影,直径1.6 cm;双肺多发小叶间隔增厚、磨玻璃影、网格影及索条影,以双下肺为著,符合双肺间质纤维化。Chest CT (preoperative) : subpleural nodules in the upper lobe of the right lung, 1.6 cm in diameter; There were multiple interlobular septal thickening, ground glass shadow, mesh shadow and cable shadow in both lungs, especially in both lower lungs. CT: computed tomography.手术方式:2015年10月14日在全身麻醉下行单操作孔胸腔镜右肺上叶切除、系统性淋巴结清扫术,手术顺利,病理为小细胞肺癌,侵犯脏层胸膜,第10组淋巴结可见转移癌,病理分期:pT2aN1M0,Ⅱb期。
Chest radiograph. A: On the morning of the 1st postoperative day, chest radiograph at bedside showed reduced translucency and thickening of both lungs; B: On the morning of the 3rd postoperative day, chest radiograph at the bedside showed reduced translucency and thickened texture of both lungs.
胸片。A:术后第1天上午,床旁坐位胸片,双肺透光度减低,双肺纹理增粗;B:术后第3天上午,床旁坐位胸片,双肺透光度减低,双肺纹理增粗。Chest radiograph. A: On the morning of the 1st postoperative day, chest radiograph at bedside showed reduced translucency and thickening of both lungs; B: On the morning of the 3rd postoperative day, chest radiograph at the bedside showed reduced translucency and thickened texture of both lungs.术后第2天患者胸闷、气短、心悸症状逐渐加重,咳少量黄白色粘痰,SpO2为90%-96%,双肺湿啰音较前明显、范围增大。予以床旁协助患者拍背咳痰,雾化吸入3次/d,抗生素升级至哌拉西林舒巴坦,强心、利尿,皮下注射低分子肝素抗凝,术后输液限速≤150 mL/h,控制输液量,术后第1天入量3, 395 mL、尿量1, 600 mL、胸腔引流量400 mL,第2天入量2, 865 mL、尿量1, 850 mL、胸腔引流量400 mL,第3天入量1, 950 mL、尿量1, 000 mL、胸腔引流量400 mL。术后第2天夜间至第3天上午,患者咳嗽增多,咳白黏痰,呼吸困难进展迅速,双肺野可闻及广泛吸气末爆裂音,体温最高39.5 oC,无寒战,心率95次/min-110次/min,鼻导管吸氧难以维持,储氧面罩吸氧状态下SpO2仅达88%-94%。动脉血气:PaO2 54 mmHg,PaCO2 34 mmHg。血常规:白细胞13.62×109/L,中性粒细胞百分比78.4%,嗜酸性粒细胞百分比2%。B型钠尿肽(brain natriuretic peptide, BNP)421 pg/mL(正常 < 125 pg/mL)。复查胸片(图 2B)显示双肺透光度较前减低,双肺纹理较前增粗。经过上述氧疗、祛痰、强心、利尿等治疗,患者呼吸困难不仅未能缓解、反而迅速加重。为协助诊断,急诊行胸部CT(图 3)显示双肺多发小叶间隔增厚、磨玻璃影、网格影及索条影,为新出现,以双下肺为著。
图 3
胸部CT(术后第3天):双肺多发小叶间隔增厚、磨玻璃影、网格影及索条影,为新出现,以双下肺为著。
Chest CT (postoperative day 3) : Multiple thickening of interlobular septa in both lungs, ground glass shadows, grid shadows and cable shadows, which appeared newly after surgery, especially in both lower lungs.
胸部CT(术后第3天):双肺多发小叶间隔增厚、磨玻璃影、网格影及索条影,为新出现,以双下肺为著。Chest CT (postoperative day 3) : Multiple thickening of interlobular septa in both lungs, ground glass shadows, grid shadows and cable shadows, which appeared newly after surgery, especially in both lower lungs.
诊断与鉴别诊断
诊断
特发性肺纤维化急性加重;Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭;右肺上叶小细胞癌;右肺上叶切除术后;糖尿病;冠心病。诊断依据:患者既往有明确IPF病史,术前IPF病情稳定,肺切除术后2天-3天内出现快速进展的呼吸困难,双肺可闻及吸气末爆裂音,胸部CT显示在原有IPF影像改变基础上出现新的、双肺分布的小叶间隔增厚、磨玻璃影、网格影及索条影,以上符合IPF急性加重(acute exacerbation of IPF, AE-IPF)的诊断标准。
Chest CT (after 2 weeks of glucocorticoid treatment): Diffuse patchy ground glass shadows in both lungs were significantly reduced compared to before treatment.
图 5
胸部CT(糖皮质激素治疗4周后):双肺弥漫斑片状磨玻璃影较前明显减少。
Chest CT (after 4 weeks of glucocorticoid treatment): Diffuse patchy ground glass shadows in both lungs were significantly reduced compared to before treatment.
图 6
胸部CT(糖皮质激素治疗3个月后):双肺弥漫斑片状磨玻璃影较前明显减少。
Chest CT (after 3 months of glucocorticoid treatment): Diffuse patchy ground glass shadows in both lungs were significantly reduced compared to before treatment.
胸部CT(糖皮质激素治疗2周后):双肺弥漫斑片状磨玻璃影较前减少。Chest CT (after 2 weeks of glucocorticoid treatment): Diffuse patchy ground glass shadows in both lungs were significantly reduced compared to before treatment.胸部CT(糖皮质激素治疗4周后):双肺弥漫斑片状磨玻璃影较前明显减少。Chest CT (after 4 weeks of glucocorticoid treatment): Diffuse patchy ground glass shadows in both lungs were significantly reduced compared to before treatment.胸部CT(糖皮质激素治疗3个月后):双肺弥漫斑片状磨玻璃影较前明显减少。Chest CT (after 3 months of glucocorticoid treatment): Diffuse patchy ground glass shadows in both lungs were significantly reduced compared to before treatment.
Authors: Harold R Collard; Bethany B Moore; Kevin R Flaherty; Kevin K Brown; Robert J Kaner; Talmadge E King; Joseph A Lasky; James E Loyd; Imre Noth; Mitchell A Olman; Ganesh Raghu; Jesse Roman; Jay H Ryu; David A Zisman; Gary W Hunninghake; Thomas V Colby; Jim J Egan; David M Hansell; Takeshi Johkoh; Naftali Kaminski; Dong Soon Kim; Yasuhiro Kondoh; David A Lynch; Joachim Müller-Quernheim; Jeffrey L Myers; Andrew G Nicholson; Moisés Selman; Galen B Toews; Athol U Wells; Fernando J Martinez Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2007-06-21 Impact factor: 21.405