Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma: A rare cause of filling defects in pulmonary arteries.

Pulmonary artery intimal sarcomas are very rare and arise from primitive pluripotent mesenchymal cells. They are often misdiagnosed as pulmonary thromboembolism, leading to futile anticoagulation treatment and delayed diagnosis. We present a case of a patient who showed nonspecific pulmonary symptoms and characteristic imaging manifestation. Progressive symptoms and additional imaging led to the suspicion of a pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma, which was finally confirmed by pathological biopsy. This case serves as a reminder to consider pulmonary artery intimal sarcomas in the differential diagnosis of patients with dyspnea and filling defects on computed tomography pulmonary angiography or contrast-enhanced computed tomography.