Angela Martinez-Strengel1, Elizabeth A Samuels2, Jeremiah Cross3, Laura D Cramer4, Mayur M Desai5, Ruth Gotian6, Cary P Gross7, Darin Latimore8, Jose E Cavazos9, Dowin Boatright10. 1. A. Martinez-Strengel was a former postdoctoral pediatric hospitalist fellow, National Clinician Scholar Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, at the time of writing. Currently she is a pediatric hospitalist, Randall Children's Hospital, Legacy Health, Portland, Oregon. 2. E.A. Samuels is assistant professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. 3. J. Cross is a resident doctor, Highland Hospital, Alameda Health System, Oakland, California. 4. L.D. Cramer is an instructor, National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. 5. M.M. Desai is associate professor, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut. 6. R. Gotian is chief learning officer and assistant professor of education, Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. 7. C.P. Gross is professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. 8. D. Latimore is deputy dean and chief diversity officer, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. 9. J.E. Cavazos is professor and assistant dean, South Texas Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. 10. D. Boatright is assistant professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To examine demographic characteristics of matriculants to U.S. MD-PhD programs by sex and race/ethnicity from academic years (AYs) 2009-2018 and explore the relationships between trends in the percentage of female and underrepresented minority (URM) matriculants to programs with and without Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) funding. METHOD: Linear regression and time trend analysis of the absolute percentage of matriculants into all U.S. MD-PhD programs was performed for self-reported sex and race/ethnicity, using Association of American Medical Colleges data for AYs 2009-2018, including an interaction for MSTP funding status (yes/no) and year. Linear regression of the percentage of programs matriculating no female or no URM students between AYs 2009 and 2018 was performed, focusing on programs in the top 3 quartiles by size (i.e., those matriculating 4 or more students per year). RESULTS: Between AYs 2009 and 2018, the percentage of matriculants to all MD-PhD programs who were female (38.0%-46.0%, 1.05%/year, P = .002) or URM (9.8%-16.7%, 0.77%/year, P < .001) increased. The annual percentage gains of URM matriculants were greater at MSTP-funded programs compared with non-MSTP-funded programs (0.50%/year, P = .046). Moreover, among MD-PhD programs in the top 3 quartiles by size, the percentage of programs with no female matriculants decreased by 0.40% per year ( P = .02) from 4.6% in 2009 to 1.6% in 2018, and the percentage of programs with no URM matriculants decreased by 3.41% per year ( P < .001) from 49% in 2009 to 22% in 2018. CONCLUSIONS: A consistent and sustained increase in the percentage of female and URM matriculants to MD-PhD programs from AYs 2009-2018 was observed, but the annual increases in the percentages across groups were small, and the demographics of the MD-PhD workforce still do not reflect the diversity of the U.S. general population.
PURPOSE: To examine demographic characteristics of matriculants to U.S. MD-PhD programs by sex and race/ethnicity from academic years (AYs) 2009-2018 and explore the relationships between trends in the percentage of female and underrepresented minority (URM) matriculants to programs with and without Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) funding. METHOD: Linear regression and time trend analysis of the absolute percentage of matriculants into all U.S. MD-PhD programs was performed for self-reported sex and race/ethnicity, using Association of American Medical Colleges data for AYs 2009-2018, including an interaction for MSTP funding status (yes/no) and year. Linear regression of the percentage of programs matriculating no female or no URM students between AYs 2009 and 2018 was performed, focusing on programs in the top 3 quartiles by size (i.e., those matriculating 4 or more students per year). RESULTS: Between AYs 2009 and 2018, the percentage of matriculants to all MD-PhD programs who were female (38.0%-46.0%, 1.05%/year, P = .002) or URM (9.8%-16.7%, 0.77%/year, P < .001) increased. The annual percentage gains of URM matriculants were greater at MSTP-funded programs compared with non-MSTP-funded programs (0.50%/year, P = .046). Moreover, among MD-PhD programs in the top 3 quartiles by size, the percentage of programs with no female matriculants decreased by 0.40% per year ( P = .02) from 4.6% in 2009 to 1.6% in 2018, and the percentage of programs with no URM matriculants decreased by 3.41% per year ( P < .001) from 49% in 2009 to 22% in 2018. CONCLUSIONS: A consistent and sustained increase in the percentage of female and URM matriculants to MD-PhD programs from AYs 2009-2018 was observed, but the annual increases in the percentages across groups were small, and the demographics of the MD-PhD workforce still do not reflect the diversity of the U.S. general population.
Authors: Dowin H Boatright; Elizabeth A Samuels; Laura Cramer; Jeremiah Cross; Mayur Desai; Darin Latimore; Cary P Gross Journal: JAMA Date: 2018-12-04 Impact factor: 56.272