HDL and Diabetes.

Diabetes is a worldwide public health issue, with the number of cases expected to reach 642 million by 2040. Patients with diabetes are at a two- to four-fold increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This chapter focuses on the anti-diabetic and cardioprotective functions of plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). HDLs and the main HDL apolipoprotein, apoA-I, improves pancreatic beta cell function. ApoA-I also improves insulin sensitivity. The development of novel, bifunctional HDL-based interventions are a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases.