Courtney K Blackwell1, Jin-Shei Lai1, Michael Kallen1, Katherine B Bevans2, Matthew M Davis1,3, Lauren S Wakschlag1, David Cella1. 1. Department of Medical Social Sciences, Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA. 2. Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Global Commercial Strategy Organization, USA. 3. Lurie Children's Hospital, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Apply the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) mixed-methods approach to develop and validate new parent-report measures of young children's (1-5 years) family and peer relationships that conceptually align to those for 5-17 year olds. METHODS: Expert input, parent interviews, and reviews of theoretical and empirical literature were used to develop draft item pools, which were administered in two waves of panel surveys (N = 1,750). Psychometric evaluation was conducted using item response theory-based methods. Scores were normed to the general U.S. population. Initial validation analyses were conducted using Pearson's correlations and analysis of variance to examine known-group differences between children with various health conditions. RESULTS: Experts and parents confirmed the content validity of existing PROMIS family and peer relationships domain frameworks and suggested adding child-caregiver interactions and empathic behaviors, respectively. Bi-factor model analysis supported sufficient unidimensionality where family and peer relationships were modeled as distinct subdomains of a broader concept, Social Relationships. The new measure was robust in discriminating young children with poor social relationships. Correlational and known-group analyses revealed positive associations with general health and well-being and negative associations with emotional and physical distress. CONCLUSIONS: The PROMIS Early Childhood Parent-Report Social Relationships item bank enables clinicians and researchers a brief, efficient, and precise way to evaluate early relational health. Subdomain short forms also offer the ability to assess specific components (i.e., child-caregiver, family, and peer) for more targeted interventions and analyses.
OBJECTIVE: Apply the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) mixed-methods approach to develop and validate new parent-report measures of young children's (1-5 years) family and peer relationships that conceptually align to those for 5-17 year olds. METHODS: Expert input, parent interviews, and reviews of theoretical and empirical literature were used to develop draft item pools, which were administered in two waves of panel surveys (N = 1,750). Psychometric evaluation was conducted using item response theory-based methods. Scores were normed to the general U.S. population. Initial validation analyses were conducted using Pearson's correlations and analysis of variance to examine known-group differences between children with various health conditions. RESULTS: Experts and parents confirmed the content validity of existing PROMIS family and peer relationships domain frameworks and suggested adding child-caregiver interactions and empathic behaviors, respectively. Bi-factor model analysis supported sufficient unidimensionality where family and peer relationships were modeled as distinct subdomains of a broader concept, Social Relationships. The new measure was robust in discriminating young children with poor social relationships. Correlational and known-group analyses revealed positive associations with general health and well-being and negative associations with emotional and physical distress. CONCLUSIONS: The PROMIS Early Childhood Parent-Report Social Relationships item bank enables clinicians and researchers a brief, efficient, and precise way to evaluate early relational health. Subdomain short forms also offer the ability to assess specific components (i.e., child-caregiver, family, and peer) for more targeted interventions and analyses.
Keywords:
infancy and early childhood; measure validation; parents; preschool children; social functioning; social functioning and peers; social skills
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