| Literature DB >> 35505007 |
Jonathan M Fahey1, Albert W Girotti2.
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that low-flux nitric oxide (NO) in tumors produced mainly by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2) can signal for angiogenesis, inhibition of apoptosis, and promotion of cell growth, migration, and invasion. Studies in the authors' laboratory have revealed that iNOS-derived NO in various cancer cell types elicits resistance to cytotoxic photodynamic therapy (PDT) and moreover endows PDT-surviving cells with more aggressive proliferation and migration/invasion. In this chapter, we describe how cancer cell iNOS/NO in vitro can be monitored in different PDT model systems (e.g., a targeted cell-bystander cell model) and how pharmacologic interference with basal and PDT-upregulated iNOS/NO can significantly improve PDT outcomes.Entities:
Keywords: 2D Co-cultures; Anti-iNOS/NO adjuvants; Bystander effects; Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); Nitric oxide (NO); PDT resistance; Post-PDT aggressiveness; iNOS/NO measurements
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Year: 2022 PMID： 35505007 DOI： 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_2
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Methods Mol Biol ISSN： 1064-3745