Gerhard Foerster1, Adam Bach2, Carmen Gorriz3, Orlando Guntinas-Lichius4, Kathleen Klinge5, Matthias Leonhard6, Claus Pototschnig7, Berit Schneider-Stickler6, Gerd Fabian Volk8, Andreas H Mueller5. 1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Plastic Surgery, SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Straße des Friedens 122, 07548, Gera, Germany. Gerhard.Foerster@srh.de. 2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. 3. Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. 4. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. 5. Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Plastic Surgery, SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Straße des Friedens 122, 07548, Gera, Germany. 6. Division of Phoniatrics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 7. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. 8. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Since the introduction of transcutaneous-transcricoidal needle approaches, electromyography (EMG) of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) became easier to perform and teach. Among the Neurolaryngology working group of the European Laryngological Society, several centers have adopted PCA EMG as part of their routine EMG workup in vocal fold immobility collectively gathering long-term experience. The purpose is to give an update and an extension to already existing guidelines on laryngeal EMG with specific regard to PCA EMG. METHODS: Consensus of all co-authors is based on continuous exchange of ideas and on joint laryngeal EMG workshop experiences over at least 7 years. A Delphi method of consensus development was used, i.e., the manuscript was circulated among the co-authors until full agreement was achieved. RESULTS: Step-by-step instructions on how to perform and interpret PCA EMG are provided. CONCLUSIONS: Further research should include the establishment of normal values for PCA and thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) EMG as well as studies on the nature of some unusual activation pattern commonly seen in chronically lesioned PCA.
PURPOSE: Since the introduction of transcutaneous-transcricoidal needle approaches, electromyography (EMG) of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) became easier to perform and teach. Among the Neurolaryngology working group of the European Laryngological Society, several centers have adopted PCA EMG as part of their routine EMG workup in vocal fold immobility collectively gathering long-term experience. The purpose is to give an update and an extension to already existing guidelines on laryngeal EMG with specific regard to PCA EMG. METHODS: Consensus of all co-authors is based on continuous exchange of ideas and on joint laryngeal EMG workshop experiences over at least 7 years. A Delphi method of consensus development was used, i.e., the manuscript was circulated among the co-authors until full agreement was achieved. RESULTS: Step-by-step instructions on how to perform and interpret PCA EMG are provided. CONCLUSIONS: Further research should include the establishment of normal values for PCA and thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) EMG as well as studies on the nature of some unusual activation pattern commonly seen in chronically lesioned PCA.
Authors: Gerd Fabian Volk; Rudolf Hagen; Claus Pototschnig; Gerhard Friedrich; Tadeus Nawka; Christoph Arens; Andreas Mueller; Gerhard Foerster; Mira Finkensieper; Ruth Lang-Roth; Christian Sittel; Claudio Storck; Maria Grosheva; M Nasser Kotby; Carsten M Klingner; Orlando Guntinas-Lichius Journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol Date: 2012-05-11 Impact factor: 2.503
Authors: Gerhard Foerster; Rosa Podema; Orlando Guntinas-Lichius; Roger L Crumley; Andreas H Mueller Journal: Laryngoscope Date: 2020-11-21 Impact factor: 3.325