Jason J Wang1, Casey E Pelzl2, Artem Boltyenkov3, Jeffrey M Katz4, Jennifer Hemingway5, Eric W Christensen6, Elizabeth Rula7, Pina C Sanelli8. 1. Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research, Health System Science Institute, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York; Associate Professor and Health Economist, Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York. Electronic address: Jwang11@northwell.edu. 2. Biostatistician, The Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute, Reston, Virginia. 3. Visiting Scholar, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research, Health System Science Institute, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York; Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc, Malvern, Pennsylvania. 4. Chief, Neurovascular Services and Director, Neurology Service Line, and Director, Neuroendovascular Surgery, Comprehensive Stroke Center and Stroke Unit, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York; Hospital Director, Neuroendovascular Surgery, South Shore University Hospital, Bay Shore, New York; Professor, Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York; Professor, Department of Neurology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York. 5. Senior Research Associate, The Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute, Reston, Virginia. 6. Principal Research Scientist, The Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute, Reston, Virginia. 7. Executive Director, The Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute, Reston, Virginia. 8. Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research, Health System Science Institute, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York; Vice Chair, Research, Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to update trends, investigate sociodemographic disparities, and evaluate the impact on mortality of stroke neuroimaging across the United States from 2012 to 2019. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study using CMS Medicare 5% Research Identifiable Files, representing consecutive ischemic stroke emergency department or hospitalized patients aged ≥65 years. A total of 85,547 stroke episodes with demographic and clinical information were analyzed using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests and logistic regression. Outcome measures were neuroimaging (CT angiography [CTA], CT perfusion [CTP], MRI, MR angiography [MRA]) utilization, acute treatment (endovascular thrombectomy [EVT] and intravenous thrombolysis [IVT]), and mortality while in the hospital and at 30 days and 1 year post discharge. RESULTS: Significantly increasing utilization trends for CTA (250%), CTP (428%) and MRI (18%), and a decreasing trend for MRA (-33%) were observed from 2012 to 2019 (P < .0001). Controlling for covariates in the logistic regression models, CTA and CTP were significantly associated with higher EVT and IVT utilization. Although CTA, MRI, and MRA were associated with lower mortality, CTP was associated with higher mortality post discharge. Less neuroimaging was performed in rural patients; older patients (≥80 years) had lower utilization of CTA, MRI, and MRA; female patients had lower rates of CTA; and Black patients had lower utilization of CTA and CTP. CONCLUSIONS: CTA and CTP utilization increased in the Medicare ischemic stroke population from 2012 to 2019 and both were associated with greater EVT and IVT use. However, disparities exist in neuroimaging utilization across all demographic groups, and further understanding of the root causes of these disparities will be crucial to achieving equity in stroke care.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to update trends, investigate sociodemographic disparities, and evaluate the impact on mortality of stroke neuroimaging across the United States from 2012 to 2019. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study using CMS Medicare 5% Research Identifiable Files, representing consecutive ischemic stroke emergency department or hospitalized patients aged ≥65 years. A total of 85,547 stroke episodes with demographic and clinical information were analyzed using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests and logistic regression. Outcome measures were neuroimaging (CT angiography [CTA], CT perfusion [CTP], MRI, MR angiography [MRA]) utilization, acute treatment (endovascular thrombectomy [EVT] and intravenous thrombolysis [IVT]), and mortality while in the hospital and at 30 days and 1 year post discharge. RESULTS: Significantly increasing utilization trends for CTA (250%), CTP (428%) and MRI (18%), and a decreasing trend for MRA (-33%) were observed from 2012 to 2019 (P < .0001). Controlling for covariates in the logistic regression models, CTA and CTP were significantly associated with higher EVT and IVT utilization. Although CTA, MRI, and MRA were associated with lower mortality, CTP was associated with higher mortality post discharge. Less neuroimaging was performed in rural patients; older patients (≥80 years) had lower utilization of CTA, MRI, and MRA; female patients had lower rates of CTA; and Black patients had lower utilization of CTA and CTP. CONCLUSIONS: CTA and CTP utilization increased in the Medicare ischemic stroke population from 2012 to 2019 and both were associated with greater EVT and IVT use. However, disparities exist in neuroimaging utilization across all demographic groups, and further understanding of the root causes of these disparities will be crucial to achieving equity in stroke care.
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