Susanna D Mitro1, Shyamal Peddada1, Jessica L Gleason1, Dian He2, Brian Whitcomb3, Lindsey Russo3, Jagteshwar Grewal1, Cuilin Zhang1, Samrawit F Yisahak1, Stefanie N Hinkle1, Germaine M Buck Louis4, Roger Newman5, William Grobman6, Anthony C Sciscione7, John Owen8, Angela Ranzini, Sabrina Craigo9, Edward Chien10, Daniel Skupski11, Deborah Wing, Katherine L Grantz1. 1. Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. 2. The Prospective Group, Inc., Fairfax, VA. 3. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA. 4. College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. 5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. 6. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. 7. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, ChristianaCare, Newark, DE. 8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. 9. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA. 10. Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI. 11. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Queens, Queens, NY.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Exercise in pregnancy is associated with many perinatal benefits, but patterns of home, work, and commuting activity are not well described. We investigated longitudinal activity in singleton and twin pregnancy by activity domain and maternal characteristics. METHODS: In the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies cohorts, 2778 women with singleton and 169 women with twin gestations reported activity using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire at up to six or seven study visits, respectively. Metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week (MET-h·wk -1 ) was calculated from reported activity. Baseline measurements (obtained between 10 and 13 wk) reflected past year activity. Linear mixed models estimated MET-h·wk -1 by domain (household/childcare, occupational, inactive, transportation, sports/exercise), self-reported race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander), prepregnancy body mass index (<25, 25 to < 30, ≥30 kg·m -2 ), parity (0, ≥1), baseline activity (quartiles), and plurality (singleton, twin). RESULTS: Household/caregiving activity made up the largest fraction of reported MET-h·wk -1 at baseline (42%), followed by occupational activity (28%). Median summed activity declined 47%, from 297 to 157 MET-h·wk -1 , between 10 and 40 wk, largely driven by changes in household/caregiving (44% decline), and occupational activity (63% decline). Sports/exercise activity declined 55% but constituted only 5% of reported MET-h·wk -1 at baseline. At baseline, non-Hispanic Black women reported significantly higher activity than non-Hispanic White or Hispanic women, but differences did not persist across pregnancy. Across gestation nulliparous women reported significantly lower activity than parous women. Women with singleton gestations reported significantly more activity than women with twins from weeks 26 to 38. Baseline activity level was strongly associated with later activity levels. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring domains of activity beyond exercise, and collecting longitudinal measurements, is necessary to fully describe activity in diverse populations of pregnant women.
INTRODUCTION: Exercise in pregnancy is associated with many perinatal benefits, but patterns of home, work, and commuting activity are not well described. We investigated longitudinal activity in singleton and twin pregnancy by activity domain and maternal characteristics. METHODS: In the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies cohorts, 2778 women with singleton and 169 women with twin gestations reported activity using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire at up to six or seven study visits, respectively. Metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week (MET-h·wk -1 ) was calculated from reported activity. Baseline measurements (obtained between 10 and 13 wk) reflected past year activity. Linear mixed models estimated MET-h·wk -1 by domain (household/childcare, occupational, inactive, transportation, sports/exercise), self-reported race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander), prepregnancy body mass index (<25, 25 to < 30, ≥30 kg·m -2 ), parity (0, ≥1), baseline activity (quartiles), and plurality (singleton, twin). RESULTS: Household/caregiving activity made up the largest fraction of reported MET-h·wk -1 at baseline (42%), followed by occupational activity (28%). Median summed activity declined 47%, from 297 to 157 MET-h·wk -1 , between 10 and 40 wk, largely driven by changes in household/caregiving (44% decline), and occupational activity (63% decline). Sports/exercise activity declined 55% but constituted only 5% of reported MET-h·wk -1 at baseline. At baseline, non-Hispanic Black women reported significantly higher activity than non-Hispanic White or Hispanic women, but differences did not persist across pregnancy. Across gestation nulliparous women reported significantly lower activity than parous women. Women with singleton gestations reported significantly more activity than women with twins from weeks 26 to 38. Baseline activity level was strongly associated with later activity levels. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring domains of activity beyond exercise, and collecting longitudinal measurements, is necessary to fully describe activity in diverse populations of pregnant women.
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