Martin Šmíd1,2, Luděk Berec2,3,4, Lenka Přibylová5, Ondřej Májek6,7, Tomáš Pavlík6,7, Jiří Jarkovský6,7, Jakub Weiner1,2, Tamara Barusová8,9, Jan Trnka10. 1. Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic. 2. Centre for Modelling of Biological and Social Processes, Prague, Czech Republic. 3. Centre for Mathematical Biology, Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Budjovice, Czech Republic. 4. Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Department of Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Budjovice, Czech Republic. 5. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. 6. Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. 7. Department of Data Analysis, Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic. 8. First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. 9. Department of Statistical Modelling, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, Prague, Czech Republic. 10. Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evades immunity conferred by vaccines and previous infections. METHODS: We used a Cox proportional hazards model and a logistic regression on individual-level population-wide data from the Czech Republic to estimate risks of infection and hospitalization, including severe states. RESULTS: A recent (≤2 months) full vaccination reached vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 43% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42%-44%) against infection by Omicron compared to 73% (95% CI, 72%-74%) against Delta. A recent booster increased VE to 56% (95% CI, 55%-56%) against Omicron infection compared to 90% (95% CI, 90%-91%) for Delta. The VE against Omicron hospitalization of a recent full vaccination was 45% (95% 95% CI, 29%-57%), with a recent booster 87% (95% CI, 84%-88%). The VE against the need for oxygen therapy due to Omicron was 57% (95% CI, 32%-72%) for recent vaccination, 90% (95% CI, 87%-92%) for a recent booster. Postinfection protection against Omicron hospitalization declined from 68% (95% CI, 68%-69%) at ≤6 months to 13% (95% CI, 11%-14%) at >6 months after a previous infection. The odds ratios for Omicron relative to Delta were 0.36 (95% CI, .34-.38) for hospitalization, 0.24 (95% CI, .22-.26) for oxygen, and 0.24 (95% CI, .21-.28) for intensive care unit admission. CONCLUSIONS: Recent vaccination still brings substantial protection against severe outcome for Omicron.
BACKGROUND: The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evades immunity conferred by vaccines and previous infections. METHODS: We used a Cox proportional hazards model and a logistic regression on individual-level population-wide data from the Czech Republic to estimate risks of infection and hospitalization, including severe states. RESULTS: A recent (≤2 months) full vaccination reached vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 43% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42%-44%) against infection by Omicron compared to 73% (95% CI, 72%-74%) against Delta. A recent booster increased VE to 56% (95% CI, 55%-56%) against Omicron infection compared to 90% (95% CI, 90%-91%) for Delta. The VE against Omicron hospitalization of a recent full vaccination was 45% (95% 95% CI, 29%-57%), with a recent booster 87% (95% CI, 84%-88%). The VE against the need for oxygen therapy due to Omicron was 57% (95% CI, 32%-72%) for recent vaccination, 90% (95% CI, 87%-92%) for a recent booster. Postinfection protection against Omicron hospitalization declined from 68% (95% CI, 68%-69%) at ≤6 months to 13% (95% CI, 11%-14%) at >6 months after a previous infection. The odds ratios for Omicron relative to Delta were 0.36 (95% CI, .34-.38) for hospitalization, 0.24 (95% CI, .22-.26) for oxygen, and 0.24 (95% CI, .21-.28) for intensive care unit admission. CONCLUSIONS: Recent vaccination still brings substantial protection against severe outcome for Omicron.
Authors: Daniel R Feikin; Laith J Abu-Raddad; Nick Andrews; Mary-Ann Davies; Melissa M Higdon; Walter A Orenstein; Minal K Patel Journal: Vaccine Date: 2022-05-02 Impact factor: 4.169
Authors: Hiam Chemaitelly; Houssein H Ayoub; Sawsan AlMukdad; Peter Coyle; Patrick Tang; Hadi M Yassine; Hebah A Al-Khatib; Maria K Smatti; Mohammad R Hasan; Zaina Al-Kanaani; Einas Al-Kuwari; Andrew Jeremijenko; Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal; Ali Nizar Latif; Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik; Hanan F Abdul-Rahim; Gheyath K Nasrallah; Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari; Adeel A Butt; Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi; Mohamed H Al-Thani; Abdullatif Al-Khal; Roberto Bertollini; Laith J Abu-Raddad Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2022-06-02 Impact factor: 17.694
Authors: Heba N Altarawneh; Hiam Chemaitelly; Houssein H Ayoub; Patrick Tang; Mohammad R Hasan; Hadi M Yassine; Hebah A Al-Khatib; Maria K Smatti; Peter Coyle; Zaina Al-Kanaani; Einas Al-Kuwari; Andrew Jeremijenko; Anvar H Kaleeckal; Ali N Latif; Riyazuddin M Shaik; Hanan F Abdul-Rahim; Gheyath K Nasrallah; Mohamed G Al-Kuwari; Adeel A Butt; Hamad E Al-Romaihi; Mohamed H Al-Thani; Abdullatif Al-Khal; Roberto Bertollini; Laith J Abu-Raddad Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2022-06-15 Impact factor: 176.079
Authors: Hope R Lapointe; Francis Mwimanzi; Peter K Cheung; Yurou Sang; Fatima Yaseen; Rebecca Kalikawe; Sneha Datwani; Rachel Waterworth; Gisele Umviligihozo; Siobhan Ennis; Landon Young; Winnie Dong; Don Kirkby; Laura Burns; Victor Leung; Daniel T Holmes; Mari L DeMarco; Janet Simons; Nancy Matic; Julio S G Montaner; Chanson J Brumme; Natalie Prystajecky; Masahiro Niikura; Christopher F Lowe; Marc G Romney; Mark A Brockman; Zabrina L Brumme Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2022-09-06 Impact factor: 8.786
Authors: Sara Carazo; Danuta M Skowronski; Marc Brisson; Sapha Barkati; Chantal Sauvageau; Nicholas Brousseau; Rodica Gilca; Judith Fafard; Denis Talbot; Manale Ouakki; Vladimir Gilca; Alex Carignan; Geneviève Deceuninck; Philippe De Wals; Gaston De Serres Journal: Lancet Infect Dis Date: 2022-09-21 Impact factor: 71.421
Authors: Jill M Ferdinands; Suchitra Rao; Brian E Dixon; Patrick K Mitchell; Malini B DeSilva; Stephanie A Irving; Ned Lewis; Karthik Natarajan; Edward Stenehjem; Shaun J Grannis; Jungmi Han; Charlene McEvoy; Toan C Ong; Allison L Naleway; Sarah E Reese; Peter J Embi; Kristin Dascomb; Nicola P Klein; Eric P Griggs; I-Chia Liao; Duck-Hye Yang; William F Fadel; Nancy Grisel; Kristin Goddard; Palak Patel; Kempapura Murthy; Rebecca Birch; Nimish R Valvi; Julie Arndorfer; Ousseny Zerbo; Monica Dickerson; Chandni Raiyani; Jeremiah Williams; Catherine H Bozio; Lenee Blanton; Ruth Link-Gelles; Michelle A Barron; Manjusha Gaglani; Mark G Thompson; Bruce Fireman Journal: BMJ Date: 2022-10-03