Hyun-Jin Kim1, Jung-Young Eom1, Sang-Hun Choi1, Hyun-Ju Seo1, In-Sook Kwun1, Ik-Jo Chun2, Jeehye Sung3, Jae-Hwan Lim4, Jihoon Kim5, Byoung-Joon Song6, Chan-Hyeong Lee7, Do-Kyun Kim8, Moon-Chang Baek7, Young-Eun Cho1. 1. Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, South Korea. 2. Department of Horticulture and Breeding, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, South Korea. 3. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea. 4. Department of Biological Science, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, South Korea. 5. Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. 6. Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Bio-physics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health-NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. 7. Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, South Korea. 8. Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, South Korea.
Abstract
SCOPE: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease of the digestive tract and increases the risk of colon cancer. METHOD AND RESULTS: This study evaluates the effects of dietary intervention with freeze-dried plum (FDP), a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory fruit with no toxicity on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute and chronic experimental colitis in a mouse model and studies the molecular mechanisms of protection through the gut-liver axis. The results show that FDP decreases the levels of inflammatory mediators, which is a nitrative stress biomarker in both acute and chronic models. FDP markedly reduces DSS-induced injury to the colonic epithelium in both acute and chronic models. In addition, FDP significantly decreases the levels of pro-oxidant markers such as CYP2E1, iNOS, and nitrated proteins (detected by anti-3-NT antibody) in DSS-induced acute and chronic colonic injury models. Furthermore, FDP markedly reduces markers of liver injury such as serum ALT/AST, antioxidant markers, and inflammatory mediators in DSS-induced acute and chronic colonic injury. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the FDP exhibits a protective effect on DSS-induced acute and chronic colonic and liver injury through the gut-liver axis via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
SCOPE: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease of the digestive tract and increases the risk of colon cancer. METHOD AND RESULTS: This study evaluates the effects of dietary intervention with freeze-dried plum (FDP), a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory fruit with no toxicity on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute and chronic experimental colitis in a mouse model and studies the molecular mechanisms of protection through the gut-liver axis. The results show that FDP decreases the levels of inflammatory mediators, which is a nitrative stress biomarker in both acute and chronic models. FDP markedly reduces DSS-induced injury to the colonic epithelium in both acute and chronic models. In addition, FDP significantly decreases the levels of pro-oxidant markers such as CYP2E1, iNOS, and nitrated proteins (detected by anti-3-NT antibody) in DSS-induced acute and chronic colonic injury models. Furthermore, FDP markedly reduces markers of liver injury such as serum ALT/AST, antioxidant markers, and inflammatory mediators in DSS-induced acute and chronic colonic injury. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the FDP exhibits a protective effect on DSS-induced acute and chronic colonic and liver injury through the gut-liver axis via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.