Ana Zabalza1, Georgina Arrambide1, Susana Otero-Romero2, Agustín Pappolla1, Paula Tagliani1, Samuel López-Maza1, Simón Cárdenas-Robledo1, Juliana Esperalba3, Candela Fernández-Naval3, Monica Martínez-Gallo4, Mireia Castillo1, Mercè Bonastre1, Mireia Resina-Salles1, Jordina Bertran1, Marta Rodriguez-Barranco1, Pere Carbonell-Mirabent1, Marina Gonzalez5, Miguel Merchan5, Ana Quiroga-Varela6, Albert Miguela7, Imma Gómez7, Gary Álvarez5, René Robles8, Dúnia Perez Del Campo9, Xavier Queralt9, Maria José Soler10, Irene Agraz10, Fernando Martinez-Valle11, Breogán Rodríguez-Acevedo1, Luciana Midaglia1, Ángela Vidal-Jordana1, Álvaro Cobo-Calvo1, Carmen Tur1, Ingrid Galan1, Joaquín Castillo1, Jordi Río1, Carmen Espejo1, Manuel Comabella1, Carlos Nos1, Jaume Sastre-Garriga1, Lluís Ramió-Torrentà8, Mar Tintoré1, Xavier Montalban1. 1. Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Barcelona, Spain. 2. Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Barcelona, Spain. 3. Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 4. Immunology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Diagnostic Immunology Research Group, Valld'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. 5. Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Department, Dr, Josep Trueta Hospital and Santa Caterina Hospital, Girona, Spain Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation Research Group, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain. 6. Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation Research Group, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Barcelona, Spain. 7. Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation Research Group, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain. 8. Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Department, Dr, Josep Trueta Hospital and Santa Caterina Hospital, Girona, Spain Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation Research Group, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain Medical Sciences Department, University of Girona, Girona, Spain Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Barcelona, Spain. 9. Girona Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain. 10. Department of Nephrology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 11. Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The effect of disease-modifying therapies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine response is unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aim to determine the immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 in multiple sclerosis (MS) and anti-CD20-treated patients with other autoimmune diseases (AID). METHODS: Humoral and cellular responses we determined before and 30-90 days after vaccination in patients with MS and anti-CD20-treated patients with other AID in two Catalan centers. RESULTS: 457 patients were enrolled. Findings showed that humoral response decreased under anti-CD20s or sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators (S1PRM) and with longer treatment duration and increased after 4.5 months from the last anti-CD20 infusion. Cellular response decreased in S1PRM-treated. Patients on anti-CD20 can present cellular responses even in the absence of antibodies. CONCLUSION: Anti-CD20s and S1PRM modify the immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
BACKGROUND: The effect of disease-modifying therapies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine response is unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aim to determine the immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 in multiple sclerosis (MS) and anti-CD20-treated patients with other autoimmune diseases (AID). METHODS: Humoral and cellular responses we determined before and 30-90 days after vaccination in patients with MS and anti-CD20-treated patients with other AID in two Catalan centers. RESULTS: 457 patients were enrolled. Findings showed that humoral response decreased under anti-CD20s or sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators (S1PRM) and with longer treatment duration and increased after 4.5 months from the last anti-CD20 infusion. Cellular response decreased in S1PRM-treated. Patients on anti-CD20 can present cellular responses even in the absence of antibodies. CONCLUSION: Anti-CD20s and S1PRM modify the immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.