Irina Lousa1,2, Luís Belo3,4, Maria João Valente1,2, Susana Rocha5, Inês Preguiça6,7,8, Petronila Rocha-Pereira1,2,9, Idalina Beirão10,11, Filipe Mira12, Rui Alves12,13, Flávio Reis6,7,8, Alice Santos-Silva1,2. 1. UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, E2, P5, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. 2. Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. 3. UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, E2, P5, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. luisbelo@ff.up.pt. 4. Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. luisbelo@ff.up.pt. 5. LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050- 313, Porto, Portugal. 6. Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal. 7. Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. 8. Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal. 9. Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal. 10. Porto University Hospital Center, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal. 11. ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. 12. Nephrology Department, Coimbra University Hospital Center, 3004-561, Coimbra, Portugal. 13. University Clinic of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inflammation is a common feature in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD), regardless of the disease cause. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of several inflammatory biomarkers in CKD diagnosis and staging. METHODS: A total of 24 healthy controls and 92 pre-dialysis CKD patients with diverse etiologies, were enrolled in this study and grouped according to their CKD stage. We analysed the circulating levels of inflammatory molecules, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and leptin, as well as the hemogram. We studied their association with parameters of kidney function and kidney injury, to evaluate their potential as early markers of the disease and/or of its worsening, as well as their interplay. RESULTS: Compared to controls, patients in CKD stages 1-2 presented significantly higher IL-6 and TNFR2 levels, and higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. All inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins showed a trend to increase up to stage 3, stabilizing or declining thereafter, save for TNFR2, which steadily increased from stage to stage. All inflammatory molecules, apart from PTX3, were negatively and significantly correlated with eGFR, with a remarkable value for TNFR2 (r = - 0.732, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TNFR2 might be useful for an early detection of CKD, as well as for disease staging/worsening. Still, the potential value of this biomarker in disease progression warrants further investigation.
BACKGROUND: Inflammation is a common feature in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD), regardless of the disease cause. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of several inflammatory biomarkers in CKD diagnosis and staging. METHODS: A total of 24 healthy controls and 92 pre-dialysis CKD patients with diverse etiologies, were enrolled in this study and grouped according to their CKD stage. We analysed the circulating levels of inflammatory molecules, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and leptin, as well as the hemogram. We studied their association with parameters of kidney function and kidney injury, to evaluate their potential as early markers of the disease and/or of its worsening, as well as their interplay. RESULTS: Compared to controls, patients in CKD stages 1-2 presented significantly higher IL-6 and TNFR2 levels, and higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. All inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins showed a trend to increase up to stage 3, stabilizing or declining thereafter, save for TNFR2, which steadily increased from stage to stage. All inflammatory molecules, apart from PTX3, were negatively and significantly correlated with eGFR, with a remarkable value for TNFR2 (r = - 0.732, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TNFR2 might be useful for an early detection of CKD, as well as for disease staging/worsening. Still, the potential value of this biomarker in disease progression warrants further investigation.
Authors: Jayanta Gupta; Nandita Mitra; Peter A Kanetsky; Joe Devaney; Maria R Wing; Muredach Reilly; Vallabh O Shah; Vaidyanathapura S Balakrishnan; Nicolas J Guzman; Matthias Girndt; Brian G Periera; Harold I Feldman; John W Kusek; Marshall M Joffe; Dominic S Raj Journal: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2012-09-27 Impact factor: 8.237
Authors: Gunnar H Heine; Alberto Ortiz; Ziad A Massy; Bengt Lindholm; Andrzej Wiecek; Alberto Martínez-Castelao; Adrian Covic; David Goldsmith; Gültekin Süleymanlar; Gérard M London; Gianfranco Parati; Rosa Sicari; Carmine Zoccali; Danilo Fliser Journal: Nat Rev Nephrol Date: 2012-03-13 Impact factor: 28.314