Burnstock oration - purinergic signalling in kidney transplantation.

Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for individuals with kidney failure offering improved quality and quantity of life. Despite significant advancements in short term graft survival, longer term survival rates have not improved greatly mediated in large by chronic antibody mediated rejection. Strategies to reduce the donor kidney antigenic load may translate to improved transplant survival. CD39 on the vascular endothelium and on circulating cells, in particular regulatory T cells (Treg), is upregulated in response to hypoxic stimuli and plays a critical role in regulating the immune response removing proinflammatory ATP and generating anti-inflammatory adenosine. Herein, the role of CD39 in reducing ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and on Treg within the context of kidney transplantation is reviewed.