Ashish Lamichhane1, Patrick Webb2, Johanna Andrews-Trevino2, Ashish Pokharel3, Sudikshya Acharya3, Robin Shrestha2, Dale Davis3, Kedar Baral4, Jia-Sheng Wang5, Kathy Xue5, Krishna Paudel6, Shibani Ghosh2. 1. Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Nutrition, Helen Keller International, Kathmandu, Nepal. asilamichhane@gmail.com. 2. Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Nutrition, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Nutrition, Helen Keller International, Kathmandu, Nepal. 4. Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal. 5. Department of Environmental Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. 6. Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by naturally occurring fungi on food, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is carcinogenic, immunotoxic and hepatotoxic. This study assesses the relationship between AFB1 in Nepali infants at 12 months of age and their diet at 9 and 12 months of age. METHODS: The study used data collected from 1329 infants enrolled in the AflaCohort Study. Aflatoxin exposure was assessed at 12 months using serum AFB1-lysine pg/mg albumin biomarker measured using high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescent detection. Dietary data were collected using food frequency questionnaire. We conducted ordinary least squares and quantile regression analyses with backward elimination to assess lagged (9-month diet and 12-month AFB1) and contemporaneous (12-month diet and 12-month AFB1) associations. RESULTS: Eighty-one percent of children at 12 months had detectable levels of serum AFB1-lysine (geometric mean: 0.79 pg/mg albumin, 95% CI: 0.74-0.83). The levels ranged from 0.4 to 85 pg/mg albumin. Dietary diversity at 9 and 12 months were not associated with serum AFB1-lysine levels. Consumption of fish and groundnuts at both 9 and 12 months and infant formula and cauliflower at 9 months were associated with higher serum AFB1-lysine while consumption of bananas and mangoes at 12 months were negatively associated with serum AFB1-lysine (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of detectable AFB1-lysine among infants, and possible links to their dietary patterns argues for more urgent research into which foods in children's diets are most contaminated, and into optimal entry points in the food chain that would allow for effective actions to minimize exposure.
BACKGROUND: Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by naturally occurring fungi on food, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is carcinogenic, immunotoxic and hepatotoxic. This study assesses the relationship between AFB1 in Nepali infants at 12 months of age and their diet at 9 and 12 months of age. METHODS: The study used data collected from 1329 infants enrolled in the AflaCohort Study. Aflatoxin exposure was assessed at 12 months using serum AFB1-lysine pg/mg albumin biomarker measured using high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescent detection. Dietary data were collected using food frequency questionnaire. We conducted ordinary least squares and quantile regression analyses with backward elimination to assess lagged (9-month diet and 12-month AFB1) and contemporaneous (12-month diet and 12-month AFB1) associations. RESULTS: Eighty-one percent of children at 12 months had detectable levels of serum AFB1-lysine (geometric mean: 0.79 pg/mg albumin, 95% CI: 0.74-0.83). The levels ranged from 0.4 to 85 pg/mg albumin. Dietary diversity at 9 and 12 months were not associated with serum AFB1-lysine levels. Consumption of fish and groundnuts at both 9 and 12 months and infant formula and cauliflower at 9 months were associated with higher serum AFB1-lysine while consumption of bananas and mangoes at 12 months were negatively associated with serum AFB1-lysine (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of detectable AFB1-lysine among infants, and possible links to their dietary patterns argues for more urgent research into which foods in children's diets are most contaminated, and into optimal entry points in the food chain that would allow for effective actions to minimize exposure.
Authors: E C Michelin; M M Massocco; S H S Godoy; J C Baldin; G S Yasui; C G Lima; G E Rottinghaus; R L M Sousa; A M Fernandes Journal: Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess Date: 2016-12-14
Authors: Heather Strosnider; Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner; Marianne Banziger; Ramesh V Bhat; Robert Breiman; Marie-Noel Brune; Kevin DeCock; Abby Dilley; John Groopman; Kerstin Hell; Sara H Henry; Daniel Jeffers; Curtis Jolly; Pauline Jolly; Gilbert N Kibata; Lauren Lewis; Xiumei Liu; George Luber; Leslie McCoy; Patience Mensah; Marina Miraglia; Ambrose Misore; Henry Njapau; Choon-Nam Ong; Mary T K Onsongo; Samuel W Page; Douglas Park; Manish Patel; Timothy Phillips; Maya Pineiro; Jenny Pronczuk; Helen Schurz Rogers; Carol Rubin; Myrna Sabino; Arthur Schaafsma; Gordon Shephard; Joerg Stroka; Christopher Wild; Jonathan T Williams; David Wilson Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2006-12 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Paul C Turner; Sophie E Moore; Andrew J Hall; Andrew M Prentice; Christopher P Wild Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2003-02 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Jacqueline M Lauer; Christopher P Duggan; Lynne M Ausman; Jeffrey K Griffiths; Patrick Webb; Jia-Sheng Wang; Kathy S Xue; Edgar Agaba; Nathan Nshakira; Shibani Ghosh Journal: Matern Child Nutr Date: 2018-10-23 Impact factor: 3.092