Leila B Giron1, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen2. 1. The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA. lgiron@wistar.org. 2. The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: HIV rebound/remission after antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption is likely influenced by (a) the size of the inducible replication-competent HIV reservoir and (b) factors in the host environment that influence immunological pressures on this reservoir. Identifying viral and/or host biomarkers of HIV rebound after ART cessation may improve the safety of treatment interruptions and our understanding of how the viral-host interplay results in post-treatment control. Here we review the predictive and functional significance of recently suggested viral and host biomarkers of time to viral rebound and post-treatment control following ART interruption. RECENT FINDINGS: There are currently no validated viral or host biomarkers of viral rebound; however, several biomarkers have been recently suggested. A combination of viral and host factors will likely be needed to predict viral rebound and to better understand the mechanisms contributing to post-treatment control of HIV, critical steps to developing a cure for HIV infection.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: HIV rebound/remission after antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption is likely influenced by (a) the size of the inducible replication-competent HIV reservoir and (b) factors in the host environment that influence immunological pressures on this reservoir. Identifying viral and/or host biomarkers of HIV rebound after ART cessation may improve the safety of treatment interruptions and our understanding of how the viral-host interplay results in post-treatment control. Here we review the predictive and functional significance of recently suggested viral and host biomarkers of time to viral rebound and post-treatment control following ART interruption. RECENT FINDINGS: There are currently no validated viral or host biomarkers of viral rebound; however, several biomarkers have been recently suggested. A combination of viral and host factors will likely be needed to predict viral rebound and to better understand the mechanisms contributing to post-treatment control of HIV, critical steps to developing a cure for HIV infection.
Authors: Golnaz Namazi; Jesse M Fajnzylber; Evgenia Aga; Ronald J Bosch; Edward P Acosta; Radwa Sharaf; Wendy Hartogensis; Jeffrey M Jacobson; Elizabeth Connick; Paul Volberding; Daniel Skiest; David Margolis; Michael C Sneller; Susan J Little; Sara Gianella; Davey M Smith; Daniel R Kuritzkes; Roy M Gulick; John W Mellors; Vikram Mehraj; Rajesh T Gandhi; Ronald Mitsuyasu; Robert T Schooley; Keith Henry; Pablo Tebas; Steven G Deeks; Tae-Wook Chun; Ann C Collier; Jean-Pierre Routy; Frederick M Hecht; Bruce D Walker; Jonathan Z Li Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2018-11-05 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Boris Julg; Lynda Dee; Jintanat Ananworanich; Dan H Barouch; Katharine Bar; Marina Caskey; Donn J Colby; Liza Dawson; Krista L Dong; Karine Dubé; Joseph Eron; John Frater; Rajesh T Gandhi; Romas Geleziunas; Philip Goulder; George J Hanna; Richard Jefferys; Rowena Johnston; Daniel Kuritzkes; Jonathan Z Li; Udom Likhitwonnawut; Jan van Lunzen; Javier Martinez-Picado; Veronica Miller; Luis J Montaner; Douglas F Nixon; David Palm; Giuseppe Pantaleo; Holly Peay; Deborah Persaud; Jessica Salzwedel; Karl Salzwedel; Timothy Schacker; Virginia Sheikh; Ole S Søgaard; Serena Spudich; Kathryn Stephenson; Jeremy Sugarman; Jeff Taylor; Pablo Tebas; Caroline T Tiemessen; Randall Tressler; Carol D Weiss; Lu Zheng; Merlin L Robb; Nelson L Michael; John W Mellors; Steven G Deeks; Bruce D Walker Journal: Lancet HIV Date: 2019-03-15 Impact factor: 12.767
Authors: Jonathan Z Li; Behzad Etemad; Hayat Ahmed; Evgenia Aga; Ronald J Bosch; John W Mellors; Daniel R Kuritzkes; Michael M Lederman; Michael Para; Rajesh T Gandhi Journal: AIDS Date: 2016-01-28 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Jesse Fajnzylber; Radwa Sharaf; John N Hutchinson; Evgenia Aga; Ronald J Bosch; Wendy Hartogensis; Jeffrey M Jacobson; Elizabeth Connick; Paul Volberding; Daniel J Skiest; David Margolis; Michael C Sneller; Susan J Little; Roy M Gulick; John W Mellors; Rajesh T Gandhi; Robert T Schooley; Keith Henry; Pablo Tebas; Steve Deeks; Tae-Wook Chun; Ann C Collier; Frederick M Hecht; Jonathan Z Li Journal: AIDS Date: 2021-11-01 Impact factor: 4.632
Authors: Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen; Douglas Richman; Robert F Siliciano; Michel C Nussenzweig; Bonnie J Howell; Javier Martinez-Picado; Nicolas Chomont; Katharine J Bar; Xu G Yu; Mathias Lichterfeld; Jose Alcami; Daria Hazuda; Frederic Bushman; Janet D Siliciano; Michael R Betts; Adam M Spivak; Vicente Planelles; Beatrice H Hahn; Davey M Smith; Ya-Chi Ho; Maria J Buzon; Christian Gaebler; Mirko Paiardini; Qingsheng Li; Jacob D Estes; Thomas J Hope; Jay Kostman; Karam Mounzer; Marina Caskey; Lawrence Fox; Ian Frank; James L Riley; Pablo Tebas; Luis J Montaner Journal: Nat Med Date: 2020-09-07 Impact factor: 87.241
Authors: James P Williams; Jacob Hurst; Wolfgang Stöhr; Nicola Robinson; Helen Brown; Martin Fisher; Sabine Kinloch; David Cooper; Mauro Schechter; Giuseppe Tambussi; Sarah Fidler; Mary Carrington; Abdel Babiker; Jonathan Weber; Kersten K Koelsch; Anthony D Kelleher; Rodney E Phillips; John Frater Journal: Elife Date: 2014-09-12 Impact factor: 8.140