Connectedness of stock markets with gold and oil: New evidence from COVID-19 pandemic.

This paper sets out to explore the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the dynamic connectedness among gold, oil and five leading stock markets by applying a new DCC-GARCH connectedness approach. We find stronger connectedness between these markets during the COVID-19 pandemic than in the pre-pandemic period. We also find that during this pandemic, gold is a receiver of shocks from the five stock markets, whereas the oil is a net transmitter of shocks.