| Literature DB >> 35431355 |
Javier Enrique Botero1, Adriana Posada-López1, Jimi Mejía-Vallejo2, Ricardo Antonio Pineda-Tamayo2, Emilio Bedoya-Giraldo1.
Abstract
Background: periodontal therapy has been suggested to have systemic effects. However, studies of periodontal therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients have produced controversial results. Aim: To compare the effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on biochemical markers of rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal parameters in patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis.Entities:
Keywords: C-reactive protein; anti-citrullinated protein antibodies; dysbiosis; periodontal debridement; periodontitis; rheumatoid arthritis; rheumatoid factor
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 35431355 PMCID: PMC8973312 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v52i3.5051
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Colomb Med (Cali) ISSN: 0120-8322
Figure 1Flowchart of patient inclusion.
Demographic description of the study sample
| Variable |
|
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male (%) | 10 (47.6%) | 6 (20.7%) | 0.04 |
| Female (%) | 11 (52.4%) | 23 (79.3%) | |
| Mean age (95% CI) | 52.3 (47.2-57.3) | 52.3 (49.4-55.1) | NS |
| 27-59 years old | 17 (80.9%) | 20 (68.9%) | NS |
| >60 years old | 4 (19.1%) | 9 (31.1%) | NS |
| RA duration (years); mean (95% CI) | NA | 11.3 (7.7-14.6) | NA |
| Number of teeth present | 24.4 ± 2.9 | 22.6 ± 4.4 | NS |
| Stage of periodontitis | |||
| I | 0 | 0 | 0.01 |
| II | 0 | 5 (17.2%) | |
| III | 5 (23.8%) | 16 (55.2%) | |
| IV | 16 (76.2%) | 8 (27.6 %) | |
| Diabetes | 0 (0) | 1 (3.4%) | NS |
| Hypertension | 3 (14.3%) | 10 (34.5%) | NS |
| Osteoporosis | 0 (0) | 8 (27.6%) | 0.008 |
| Smoking | 0 (0) | 1 (3.4%) | NS |
*Ji 2. NS: not significant; CI: confidence interval; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; NA: not applicable.
Change in periodontal clinical and microbiological parameters from baseline to 3 months.
| Variable | Without RA |
| RA |
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 3 months | Change (∆) | Baseline | 3 months | Change (∆) | |||
| Mean BOP (95% CI) | 55.6 (44.6-66.5) | 33.9 (21.9-45.9) | 21.6 (15-28.3) | 0.001 | 21.4 (14.6-28.2) | 10.4 (7.5-13.2) | 11 (5.3-16.8) | 0.001 |
| PAL | ||||||||
| Mean PAL (95% CI) | 4.4 (4.0-4.8) | 3.7 (3.0-4.1) | 0.7 (0.4-1.0) | 0.001 | 2.9 (2.4-3.4) | 2.6 (2.1-3.0) | 0.3 (0.1-0.5) | 0.001 |
|
| 38.6 (27.4-49.7) | 48.4 (35.8-61.0) | -9.8 (-14.9--4.7) | 0.002 | 27.1 (20.3-33.9) | 28.2 (21.5-34.8) | -1.1(-2.8-0.7) | 0.241 |
|
| 45.7 (35.2-56.2) | 42.6 (32.7-52.5) | 3.1 (-4.4-10.6) | 0.780 | 33.6 (25.6-41.7) | 34.9 (26.4-43.4) | -1.2 (-2.8-0.4) | 0.127 |
|
| 39.1 (29.2-48.9) | 31.8 (22.9-40.7) | 7.3 (2.4-12.1) | 0.006 | 16.0 (9.6-22.5) | 14.4 (8.4-20.5) | 1.6 (-0.2-3.3) | 0.095 |
| PD | ||||||||
| Mean PD (95% CI) | 4.2 (3.7-4.5) | 3.4 (3.0-3.8) | 0.7 (0.4-0.9) | 0.001 | 3.0 (2.6-3.3) | 2.4 (2.2-2.5) | 0.6 (0.3-0.8) | 0.001 |
|
| 104.4 (91.5-117.4) | 112.2 (97.1-127.4) | -7.8 (-17.8-2.2) | 0.019 | 128.9 (117.3-140.5) | 131.7 (120.6-142.7) | -2.7 (-4.9- -0.6) | 0.006 |
|
| 41.3 (30.4-52.3) | 33.2 (18.2-48.3) | 8.1 (-2.0-18.2) | 0.019 | 7.4 (3.41-11.4) | 4.3 (2.0-6.6) | 3.1 (0.6-5.6) | 0.006 |
|
| 9 (50.0) | 10 (55.5) | -1 (5.5) | 0.077 | 2 (7.4) | 3 (11.1) | -1 (3.7) | 0.786 |
|
| 2.26 x 104 (-2.41 x 104-6.94 x 104) | 1.40 x 105 (-9.46 x 104-3.76 x 105) | -1.18 x 105 (-3.61 x 105-1.25 x 105) | 0.204 | 1.59 x 103 (-1.45 x 103-4.63 x 103) | 8.07 x 103 (-7.12 x 103-2.32 x 104) | -6.48 x 103 (-2.21 x 104 -9.15 x 103) | 0.500 |
| Total microbial CFU / mL (95% CI) | 4.82 x 106 (2.11 x 106-7.54 x 106) | 4.77 x 106 (-2.15 x 106-1.17 x 107) | 5 x 104 (-6.83 x 106-6.93 x 106) | 0.218 | 2.46 x 106 (2.22 x 105-4.71 x 106) | 1.44 x 106 (6.28 x 105-2.26 x 106) | 1.02 x 106 (-1.29 x 106-3.33 x 106) | 0.284 |
*Paired Wilcoxon test. CI: confidence interval; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; PAL: periodontal attachment level; PD: probing depth; CFU: colony forming units. Negative values denote an increase.
Change in biochemical parameters from baseline to 3 months.
| Parameter | Without RA |
| RA |
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 3 months | Change (∆) | Baseline | 3 months | Change (∆) | |||
| Mean CRP mg/L (95% CI) | 2.2 (1.2-3.1) | 2.8 (0.9-4.6) | -0.6 (-2.1-0.9) | 0.670 | 7.2 (03.4-10.9) | 9.0 (5.3-12.6) | -1.8 (-7.1-3.3) | 0.165 |
| Mean ACPA U/mL (95% CI) | 0.8 (0.4-1.1) | 0.9 (0.4-1.4) | -0.1 (-0.3-0.1) | 0.211 | 190.5 (80.2-300.8) | 118 (65.1-172.5) | 71.7 (-23.9-167.3) | 0.136 |
| Mean RF U/mL (95% CI) | 15 | 15 | 0 | 1.000 | 213.8 (86.9-340.7) | 166.7 (73.3-259) | 47.7 (-0.1-107.1) | 0.113 |
*Paired Wilcoxon test. CI: confidence interval; RA: rheumatoid arthritis. Negative values denote an increase.
Treatment effect association with biochemical parameters in patients with and without RA
| Without RA | RA | Relative Risk |
| ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRP | No-change / Increase | 9 (42.9%) | 18 (62.1%) | 0.4 (0.1-1.4) | 0.145 |
| Reduction | 12 (57.1%) | 11 (37.9%) | |||
| ACPA | No-change / Increase | 18 (85.7%) | 13 (44.8%) | 7.4 (1.8-30.7) | 0.003 |
| Reduction | 3 (14.3%) | 16 (55.2%) | |||
| RF | No-change / Increase | 21 (100.0%) | 12 (41.4%) | 0.4 (0.2-0.6) | 0.001 |
| Reduction | 0 (0.0%) | 17 (58.6%) |
CI: confidence interval; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; CRP: C-reactive protein; ACPA; anti-citrullinated protein antibodies; RF: rheumatoid factor.
Change in periodontal parameters from baseline to 3 months according to medication in RA participants.
| Parameter | Biologic DMARDs | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes |
| No |
| |||||
| Baseline | 3 months | Change (∆) | Baseline | 3 months | Change (∆) | |||
| Mean PAL (95% CI) | 3.3 (1.6-5.0) | 2.8 (1.4-4.1) | 0.5 (-0.3-1.4) | 0.180 | 2.8 (2.2-3.3) | 2.5 (2.0-3.0) | 0.3 (0.1-0.4) | 0.002 |
| Mean PD (95% CI) | 3.3 (2.0-4.5) | 2.5 (2.1-3.0) | 0.7 (-0.2-1.6) | 0.109 | 2.9 (2.5-3.3) | 2.3 (2.2-2.5) | 0.5 (0.3-0.8) | 0.002 |
| Non-biologic DMARDs | ||||||||
| Yes |
| No |
| |||||
| Baseline | 3 months | Change (∆) | Baseline | 3 months | Change (∆) | |||
| Mean PAL (95% CI) | 2.9 (2.3-3.5) | 2.5 (1.9-3.0) | 0.4 (0.1-0.6) | 0.003 | 3.1 (2.1-4.1) | 2.9 (1.8-3.9) | 0.3 (-0.2-0.8) | 0.109 |
| Mean PD (95% CI) | 2.9 (2.5-3.3) | 2.4 (2.2-2.5) | 0.5 (0.2-0.8) | 0.003 | 3.3 (2.4-4.1) | 2.0 (2.1-3.2) | 0.7 (0.2-1.2) | 0.066 |
*Paired Wilcoxon test. CI: confidence interval; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; PAL: periodontal attachment level; PD: probing depth; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.
Figura 1Flujograma de la inclusión de pacientes.
Descripción demográfica de la muestra del estudio
| Variable | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sexo | |||
| Masculino (%) | 10 (47.6%) | 6 (20.7%) | 0.04 |
| Femenino (%) | 11 (52.4%) | 23 (79.3%) | |
| Edad promedio (95% IC) | 52.3 (47.2-57.3) | 52.3 (49.4-55.1) | NS |
| 27-59 años | 17 (80.9%) | 20 (68.9%) | NS |
| >60 años | 4 (19.1%) | 9 (31.1%) | NS |
| Duración de AR (años); promedio (95% IC) | NA | 11.3 (7.7-14.6) | NA |
| Número de dientes presentes | 24.4 ± 2.9 | 22.6 ± 4.4 | NS |
| Estadio de periodontitis | |||
| I | 0 | 0 | 0.01 |
| II | 0 | 5 (17.2%) | |
| III | 5 (23.8%) | 16 (55.2%) | |
| IV | 16 (76.2%) | 8 (27.6 %) | |
| Diabetes | 0 (0) | 1 (3.4%) | NS |
| Hipertension | 3 (14.3%) | 10 (34.5%) | NS |
| Osteoporosis | 0 (0) | 8 (27.6%) | 0.008 |
| Cigarrillo | 0 (0) | 1 (3.4%) | NS |
*Ji 2. NS: no significante; IC: intervalo de confianza; AR: artritis reumatoide; NA: no aplicable.
Cambios en los parámetros clínicos periodontales y microbiológicos desde el inicio y a los 3 meses.
| Variable | Sin AR | Con AR | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inicio | 3 meses | Cambio (∆) | Inicio | 3 meses | Cambio (∆) | |||
| Promedio BOP (95% IC) | 55.6 (44.6-66.5) | 33.9 (21.9-45.9) | 21.6 (15-28.3) | 0.001 | 21.4 (14.6-28.2) | 10.4 (7.5-13.2) | 11 (5.3-16.8) | 0.001 |
| PAL | ||||||||
| Promedio PAL (95% IC) | 4.4 (4.0-4.8) | 3.7 (3.0-4.1) | 0.7 (0.4-1.0) | 0.001 | 2.9 (2.4-3.4) | 2.6 (2.1-3.0) | 0.3 (0.1-0.5) | 0.001 |
| 38.6 (27.4-49.7) | 48.4 (35.8-61.0) | -9.8 (-14.9--4.7) | 0.002 | 27.1 (20.3-33.9) | 28.2 (21.5-34.8) | -1.1(-2.8-0.7) | 0.241 | |
| 45.7 (35.2-56.2) | 42.6 (32.7-52.5) | 3.1 (-4.4-10.6) | 0.780 | 33.6 (25.6-41.7) | 34.9 (26.4-43.4) | -1.2 (-2.8-0.4) | 0.127 | |
| 39.1 (29.2-48.9) | 31.8 (22.9-40.7) | 7.3 (2.4-12.1) | 0.006 | 16.0 (9.6-22.5) | 14.4 (8.4-20.5) | 1.6 (-0.2-3.3) | 0.095 | |
| PD | ||||||||
| Promedio PD (95% IC) | 4.2 (3.7-4.5) | 3.4 (3.0-3.8) | 0.7 (0.4-0.9) | 0.001 | 3.0 (2.6-3.3) | 2.4 (2.2-2.5) | 0.6 (0.3-0.8) | 0.001 |
| 104.4 (91.5-117.4) | 112.2 (97.1-127.4) | -7.8 (-17.8-2.2) | 0.019 | 128.9 (117.3-140.5) | 131.7 (120.6-142.7) | -2.7 (-4.9- -0.6) | 0.006 | |
| 41.3 (30.4-52.3) | 33.2 (18.2-48.3) | 8.1 (-2.0-18.2) | 0.019 | 7.4 (3.41-11.4) | 4.3 (2.0-6.6) | 3.1 (0.6-5.6) | 0.006 | |
| Frecuencia | 9 (50.0) | 10 (55.5) | -1 (5.5) | 0.077 | 2 (7.4) | 3 (11.1) | -1 (3.7) | 0.786 |
| 2.26 x 104 (-2.41 x 104-6.94 x 104) | 1.40 x 105 (-9.46 x 104-3.76 x 105) | -1.18 x 105 (-3.61 x 105-1.25 x 105) | 0.204 | 1.59 x 103 (-1.45 x 103-4.63 x 103) | 8.07 x 103 (-7.12 x 103-2.32 x 104) | -6.48 x 103 (-2.21 x 104 -9.15 x 103) | 0.500 | |
| Conteo microbiano total CFU / mL (95% IC) | 4.82 x 106 (2.11 x 106-7.54 x 106) | 4.77 x 106 (-2.15 x 106-1.17 x 107) | 5 x 104 (-6.83 x 106-6.93 x 106) | 0.218 | 2.46 x 106 (2.22 x 105-4.71 x 106) | 1.44 x 106 (6.28 x 105-2.26 x 106) | 1.02 x 106 (-1.29 x 106-3.33 x 106) | 0.284 |
*Paired Wilcoxon test. IC: intervalo de confianza; AR: artritis reumatoide; PAL: nivel de inserción periodontal; PD: profundidad sondaje; CFU: unidades formadoras de colonias. Los valores negativos denotan un aumento en el parámetro.
Cambios en los parámetros bioquímicos desde el inicio y a los 3 meses.
| Parámetro | Sin AR | Con AR | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inicio | 3 meses | Cambio (∆) | Inicio | 3 meses | Cambio (∆) | |||
| Promedio PCR mg/L (95% IC) | 2.2 (1.2-3.1) | 2.8 (0.9-4.6) | -0.6 (-2.1-0.9) | 0.670 | 7.2 (03.4-10.9) | 9.0 (5.3-12.6) | -1.8 (-7.1-3.3) | 0.165 |
| Promedio ACPA U/mL (95% IC) | 0.8 (0.4-1.1) | 0.9 (0.4-1.4) | -0.1 (-0.3-0.1) | 0.211 | 190.5 (80.2-300.8) | 118 (65.1-172.5) | 71.7 (-23.9-167.3) | 0.136 |
| Promedio RF U/mL (95% IC) | 15 | 15 | 0 | 1.000 | 213.8 (86.9-340.7) | 166.7 (73.3-259) | 47.7 (-0.1-107.1) | 0.113 |
*Paired Wilcoxon test. IC: interval de confianza; AR: artritis reumatoide; PCR: proteina C recativa; ACPA; anticuerpos anti-proteína citrulinada; RF: factor reumatoide. Los valores negativos denotan un aumento en el parámetro.
Asociación del efecto del tratamiento con los parámetros bioquímicos en pacientes con y sin AR.
| Sin AR | Con AR | RR | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCR | Sin cambio / Incremento | 9 (42.9%) | 18 (62.1%) | 0.4 (0.1-1.4) | 0.145 |
| Reducción | 12 (57.1%) | 11 (37.9%) | |||
| ACPA | Sin cambio / Incremento | 18 (85.7%) | 13 (44.8%) | 7.4 (1.8-30.7) | 0.003 |
| Reducción | 3 (14.3%) | 16 (55.2%) | |||
| RF | Sin cambio / Incremento | 21 (100.0%) | 12 (41.4%) | 0.4 (0.2-0.6) | 0.001 |
| Reducción | 0 (0.0%) | 17 (58.6%) |
IC: interval de confianza; AR: artritis reumatoide; PCR: proteina C recativa; ACPA; anticuerpos anti-proteína citrulinada; RF: factor reumatoide; RR: riesgo relativo.
Cambios en los parámetros clínicos periodontales desde el inicio y a los 3 meses de acuerdo a la medicación en pacientes con AR.
| Parametro | FARME biológicos | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Si | No | ||||||||
| Inicio | 3 meses | Cambio (∆) | Inicio | 3 meses | Cambio (∆) | ||||
| Promedio PAL (95% IC) | 3.3 (1.6-5.0) | 2.8 (1.4-4.1) | 0.5 (-0.3-1.4) | 0.180 | 2.8 (2.2-3.3) | 2.5 (2.0-3.0) | 0.3 (0.1-0.4) | 0.002 | |
| Promedio PD (95% IC) | 3.3 (2.0-4.5) | 2.5 (2.1-3.0) | 0.7 (-0.2-1.6) | 0.109 | 2.9 (2.5-3.3) | 2.3 (2.2-2.5) | 0.5 (0.3-0.8) | 0.002 | |
| FARME no biológicos | |||||||||
| Si | No | ||||||||
| Inicio | 3 meses | Cambio (∆) | Inicio | 3 meses | Cambio (∆) | ||||
| Promedio PAL (95% IC) | 2.9 (2.3-3.5) | 2.5 (1.9-3.0) | 0.4 (0.1-0.6) | 0.003 | 3.1 (2.1-4.1) | 2.9 (1.8-3.9) | 0.3 (-0.2-0.8) | 0.109 | |
| Promedio PD (95% IC) | 2.9 (2.5-3.3) | 2.4 (2.2-2.5) | 0.5 (0.2-0.8) | 0.003 | 3.3 (2.4-4.1) | 2.0 (2.1-3.2) | 0.7 (0.2-1.2) | 0.066 | |
*Paired Wilcoxon test. IC: intervalo de confianza; AR: artritis reumatoide; PAL: nivel de inserción periodontal; PD: profundidad sondaje; FARME: fármacos antirreumáticos modificadores de la enfermedad.
| 1) Why was this study conducted? |
| It has been suggested that periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis are bi-directional and that periodontal therapy has systemic effects. Therefore, this study was carried out to compare the effects of periodontal therapy on biochemical and clinical parameters in patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis. |
| 2) What were the most relevant results of the study? |
| Periodontal parameters improved regardless of the systemic condition. However, there was a reduction in levels of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor in participants with rheumatoid arthritis after periodontal treatment. |
| 3) What do these results contribute? |
| Periodontal therapy may positively affect serum levels of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and consequently help improve their disease activity. |
| 1) ¿Por qué se realizó este estudio? |
| Se ha sugerido que la periodontitis y la artritis reumatoide son bidireccionales y que la terapia periodontal tiene efectos sistémicos. Por lo tanto, este estudio se llevó a cabo para comparar los efectos de la terapia periodontal sobre los parámetros bioquímicos y clínicos en pacientes con y sin artritis reumatoide. |
| 2) ¿Cuáles fueron los resultados más relevantes del estudio? |
| Los parámetros periodontales mejoraron independientemente de la condición sistémica. Sin embargo, hubo una reducción en los niveles de anticuerpos anti-proteína citrulinada y factor reumatoide en participantes con artritis reumatoide después del tratamiento periodontal. |
| 3) ¿Qué aportan estos resultados? |
| La terapia periodontal puede afectar positivamente los niveles séricos de anticuerpos anti-proteína citrulinada y factor reumatoide en pacientes con artritis reumatoide y, en consecuencia, ayudar a mejorar la actividad de la enfermedad. |