Preethi S1, Hitesh Kumar1, Ramesh C2, Sowmya B A2, Niveditha K2, Ramkishan Ajmeer3, Vikas Jain4. 1. Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India. 2. Department of Pharmacology, East West College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560091, Karnataka, India. 3. Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation, East Zone, Kolkata, 700020, West Bengal, India. 4. Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India. vikasjain@jssuni.edu.in.
Abstract
The current research work focuses on the identification of cardioprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Sauropus androgynus (EESA) leaves. Sauropus androgynus leaves are being utilized in folk and ayurvedic medicines in India to treat cardiovascular diseases like myocardial infraction, atherosclerosis, and venous thrombosis. However, the cardioprotective effects associated with the leaf extract of this plant has not yet been established. METHODS: The identification of cardioprotective effects of the ethanolic extract of Sauropus androgynus (EESA) leaves was performed using in vitro and in vivo models. The cell culture studies were performed using cardio myoblast cells (H9C2) and in vivo cardioprotective effects of EESA was assessed in albino wistar rats employing isoproterenol (ISO) as cardiotoxic agent. The animals were divided into six treatment groups and myocardial infraction was induced at 14th day followed by the treatment with therapeutic doses of EESA (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for next two days. Various biochemical and histopathological parameters were evaluated in animals kept under control and treatment groups. RESULTS: The in vitro cell line studies revealed a positive impact on H9C2 cells. The ethanolic extract of Sauropus androgynus depicted low toxicity on cardiomyoblast cells and significant proliferation was observed after treatment. The results from animal studies have shown 1.7 times reduction in serum LDH (151.9 ± 1.302) and CPK (237.6 ± 5.781) levels with EESA treated groups compared to toxic control. EESA also significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme levels, which are responsible for cardioprotective effects in animals. CONCLUSION: This research study reveals that EESA possess antioxidant activity and also provides a protective role against myocardial infarction induced by ISO. We conclude that EESA could be a potential candidate to prevent and treat cardiotoxic consequences of high catecholamine levels.
The current research work focuses on the identification of cardioprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Sauropus androgynus (EESA) leaves. Sauropus androgynus leaves are being utilized in folk and ayurvedic medicines in India to treat cardiovascular diseases like myocardial infraction, atherosclerosis, and venous thrombosis. However, the cardioprotective effects associated with the leaf extract of this plant has not yet been established. METHODS: The identification of cardioprotective effects of the ethanolic extract of Sauropus androgynus (EESA) leaves was performed using in vitro and in vivo models. The cell culture studies were performed using cardio myoblast cells (H9C2) and in vivo cardioprotective effects of EESA was assessed in albino wistar rats employing isoproterenol (ISO) as cardiotoxic agent. The animals were divided into six treatment groups and myocardial infraction was induced at 14th day followed by the treatment with therapeutic doses of EESA (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for next two days. Various biochemical and histopathological parameters were evaluated in animals kept under control and treatment groups. RESULTS: The in vitro cell line studies revealed a positive impact on H9C2 cells. The ethanolic extract of Sauropus androgynus depicted low toxicity on cardiomyoblast cells and significant proliferation was observed after treatment. The results from animal studies have shown 1.7 times reduction in serum LDH (151.9 ± 1.302) and CPK (237.6 ± 5.781) levels with EESA treated groups compared to toxic control. EESA also significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme levels, which are responsible for cardioprotective effects in animals. CONCLUSION: This research study reveals that EESA possess antioxidant activity and also provides a protective role against myocardial infarction induced by ISO. We conclude that EESA could be a potential candidate to prevent and treat cardiotoxic consequences of high catecholamine levels.
Authors: Kristian Thygesen; Joseph S Alpert; Harvey D White; Allan S Jaffe; Fred S Apple; Marcello Galvani; Hugo A Katus; L Kristin Newby; Jan Ravkilde; Bernard Chaitman; Peter M Clemmensen; Mikael Dellborg; Hanoch Hod; Pekka Porela; Richard Underwood; Jeroen J Bax; George A Beller; Robert Bonow; Ernst E Van der Wall; Jean-Pierre Bassand; William Wijns; T Bruce Ferguson; Philippe G Steg; Barry F Uretsky; David O Williams; Paul W Armstrong; Elliott M Antman; Keith A Fox; Christian W Hamm; E Magnus Ohman; Maarten L Simoons; Philip A Poole-Wilson; Enrique P Gurfinkel; José-Luis Lopez-Sendon; Prem Pais; Shanti Mendis; Jun-Ren Zhu; Lars C Wallentin; Francisco Fernández-Avilés; Kim M Fox; Alexander N Parkhomenko; Silvia G Priori; Michal Tendera; Liisa-Maria Voipio-Pulkki; Alec Vahanian; A John Camm; Raffaele De Caterina; Veronica Dean; Kenneth Dickstein; Gerasimos Filippatos; Christian Funck-Brentano; Irene Hellemans; Steen Dalby Kristensen; Keith McGregor; Udo Sechtem; Sigmund Silber; Michal Tendera; Petr Widimsky; José Luis Zamorano; Joao Morais; Sorin Brener; Robert Harrington; David Morrow; Michael Lim; Marco A Martinez-Rios; Steve Steinhubl; Glen N Levine; W Brian Gibler; David Goff; Marco Tubaro; Darek Dudek; Nawwar Al-Attar Journal: Circulation Date: 2007-10-19 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: David I Feldman; Ramzi Dudum; Abdulhamied Alfaddagh; Francoise A Marvel; Erin D Michos; Roger S Blumenthal; Seth S Martin Journal: Am J Prev Cardiol Date: 2020-06-06