Michael Holmes1, Panagiotis Koutakis2, Ahmed Ismaeel3. 1. Max E, Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. 2. Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA. 3. Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA. ahmed.ismaeel@uky.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Functional limitations during exercise from alterations in the balance of oxygen supply and demand-as reported by lower tissue oxygen saturation and longer recovery time-are well documented in clinical populations. We aimed to assess changes in skeletal muscle hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO2) characteristics during exercise as a result of aging in otherwise healthy individuals. METHODS: We recruited healthy male and female participants (n = 101) from three age ranges-young (18-39 years), middle age (40-65 years), and older (> 65 years)-to complete exercise tests commonly used in clinical populations. Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) we assessed StO2 in the medial gastrocnemius during the Gardner Treadmill Protocol and 6 min walk test (6MWT). RESULTS: Minimum StO2 (%) during the treadmill test was significantly lower for both middle-age (36.1 ± 20.6) and older (27.3 ± 19.4) participants compared to young (46.8 ± 14.8) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively), and recovery time (minutes) was significantly prolonged (young = 0.22 ± 0.34; middle age = 0.66 ± 0.52; older = 1.04 ± 1.00) (p < 0.001 for both middle age and older compared to young). Similar results were shown during the 6MWT, as minimum StO2 (%) was lower in middle-age (41.7 ± 17.2) and older (40.0 ± 25.9) participants compared to young (53.6 ± 14.5) (p < 0.05), and recovery times (minutes) were prolonged (young: 0.11 ± 0.17; middle age: 0.46 ± 0.42; older: 0.93 ± 0.43) (p < 0.001 for both middle age and older compared to young). Simple linear regression analyses demonstrated that age predicted treadmill recovery and 6MWT recovery. CONCLUSION: Our study provides evidence that aging, even in otherwise healthy individuals, negatively impacts muscle StO2 characteristics. In older individuals, working muscle tissue may reach lower oxygen saturation during exercise and take longer to return to baseline oxygen saturation post-exercise.
PURPOSE: Functional limitations during exercise from alterations in the balance of oxygen supply and demand-as reported by lower tissue oxygen saturation and longer recovery time-are well documented in clinical populations. We aimed to assess changes in skeletal muscle hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO2) characteristics during exercise as a result of aging in otherwise healthy individuals. METHODS: We recruited healthy male and female participants (n = 101) from three age ranges-young (18-39 years), middle age (40-65 years), and older (> 65 years)-to complete exercise tests commonly used in clinical populations. Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) we assessed StO2 in the medial gastrocnemius during the Gardner Treadmill Protocol and 6 min walk test (6MWT). RESULTS: Minimum StO2 (%) during the treadmill test was significantly lower for both middle-age (36.1 ± 20.6) and older (27.3 ± 19.4) participants compared to young (46.8 ± 14.8) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively), and recovery time (minutes) was significantly prolonged (young = 0.22 ± 0.34; middle age = 0.66 ± 0.52; older = 1.04 ± 1.00) (p < 0.001 for both middle age and older compared to young). Similar results were shown during the 6MWT, as minimum StO2 (%) was lower in middle-age (41.7 ± 17.2) and older (40.0 ± 25.9) participants compared to young (53.6 ± 14.5) (p < 0.05), and recovery times (minutes) were prolonged (young: 0.11 ± 0.17; middle age: 0.46 ± 0.42; older: 0.93 ± 0.43) (p < 0.001 for both middle age and older compared to young). Simple linear regression analyses demonstrated that age predicted treadmill recovery and 6MWT recovery. CONCLUSION: Our study provides evidence that aging, even in otherwise healthy individuals, negatively impacts muscle StO2 characteristics. In older individuals, working muscle tissue may reach lower oxygen saturation during exercise and take longer to return to baseline oxygen saturation post-exercise.
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