Saerom Kim1,2, Hye Sook Min3, Won Jin Lee4, Seung-Ah Choe5,6. 1. People's Health Institute, Seoul, Korea. 2. Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. 3. Research Institute of Public Healthcare, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. 4. Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 5. Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. seungah@korea.ac.kr. 6. Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea. seungah@korea.ac.kr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In most societies, women and men systematically differ in consumption of cosmetics and household products, which are interlinked with gendered norms and occupational segregation. We investigated the differences in personal care product (PCP) use and exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) based on occupation and gender. METHODS: We utilized data from the first to third Korean National Environmental Health Survey analyzing 9218 participants aged 20-59 years engaged in their current occupation for ≥3 months. Frequent PCP use (≥once/week) and exposure to EDCs were analyzed by gender and occupation. We used least-square geometric means (LSGMs) of urinary concentrations of the five EDCs adjusted for covariates. RESULTS: Manual occupation was most common in men and no paid occupation was most frequent in women. In general, clerical, service, and sales workers showed the highest prevalence of frequent use of hair and body products. Women used body and makeup products more frequently than men. For all five EDCs, similarly, women showed higher urinary levels in all occupation groups. When stratified by gender, the differences in urinary concentration of EDCs across occupation groups were not observed in men. Among women, clerical, service, and sales workers showed higher bisphenol A (BPA) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) levels than manual workers. CONCLUSIONS: Differentials in exposure to EDCs by occupation groups were not evident for men. Given the higher urinary concentration of EDCs in women compared to men, interventions to reduce the exposure to EDCs would need to focus on women, especially in clerical, service, and sales occupations.
BACKGROUND: In most societies, women and men systematically differ in consumption of cosmetics and household products, which are interlinked with gendered norms and occupational segregation. We investigated the differences in personal care product (PCP) use and exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) based on occupation and gender. METHODS: We utilized data from the first to third Korean National Environmental Health Survey analyzing 9218 participants aged 20-59 years engaged in their current occupation for ≥3 months. Frequent PCP use (≥once/week) and exposure to EDCs were analyzed by gender and occupation. We used least-square geometric means (LSGMs) of urinary concentrations of the five EDCs adjusted for covariates. RESULTS: Manual occupation was most common in men and no paid occupation was most frequent in women. In general, clerical, service, and sales workers showed the highest prevalence of frequent use of hair and body products. Women used body and makeup products more frequently than men. For all five EDCs, similarly, women showed higher urinary levels in all occupation groups. When stratified by gender, the differences in urinary concentration of EDCs across occupation groups were not observed in men. Among women, clerical, service, and sales workers showed higher bisphenol A (BPA) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) levels than manual workers. CONCLUSIONS: Differentials in exposure to EDCs by occupation groups were not evident for men. Given the higher urinary concentration of EDCs in women compared to men, interventions to reduce the exposure to EDCs would need to focus on women, especially in clerical, service, and sales occupations.
Authors: Anna Z Pollack; Sunni L Mumford; Jenna R Krall; Andrea E Carmichael; Lindsey A Sjaarda; Neil J Perkins; Kurunthachalam Kannan; Enrique F Schisterman Journal: Environ Int Date: 2018-08-10 Impact factor: 9.621
Authors: Hanna Katarina Lilith Johansson; Terje Svingen; Paul A Fowler; Anne Marie Vinggaard; Julie Boberg Journal: Nat Rev Endocrinol Date: 2017-04-28 Impact factor: 43.330
Authors: Michele A La Merrill; Laura N Vandenberg; Martyn T Smith; William Goodson; Patience Browne; Heather B Patisaul; Kathryn Z Guyton; Andreas Kortenkamp; Vincent J Cogliano; Tracey J Woodruff; Linda Rieswijk; Hideko Sone; Kenneth S Korach; Andrea C Gore; Lauren Zeise; R Thomas Zoeller Journal: Nat Rev Endocrinol Date: 2019-11-12 Impact factor: 43.330