Hongjie Chen1,2, Anna H Wu2,3, Songren Wang2, Arthur Bookstein2, Loïc Le Marchand4, Lynne R Wilkens4, Christopher A Haiman1,2,3, Iona Cheng5, Kristine R Monroe2, Veronica Wendy Setiawan1,2,3. 1. Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 2. Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 3. Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 4. Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA. 5. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Latinos are the largest minority group in the United States. We assessed cancer mortality by birthplace and generation status of Mexican Latinos in the Multiethnic Cohort. METHODS: We included 26 751 Latinos of Mexican origin and 6093 non-Latino Whites aged 45-74 years at cohort entry (1993-1996) from the California Multiethnic Cohort component. The Mexican Latinos comprised 42% first-generation Mexico-born immigrants, 42% second-generation (28% US-born with both parents Mexico-born and 14% US-born with 1 parent US-born and 1 parent Mexico-born), and 16% third-generation or more who were US-born with both parents US-born. Multivariable Cox models were used to calculate covariate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for overall and site-specific cancer mortality by birthplace and generation status. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS: Cancer death rate was highest among the US-born with 1 parent US-born and 1 parent Mexico-born (age-adjusted rate = 471.0 per 100 000 person-years) and US-born with both parents US-born (age-adjusted rate = 469.0 per 100 000 person-years) groups. The US-born with both parents Mexico-born group had a 30% (hazard ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.18 to 1.44) higher risk of cancer death than the first-generation Mexico-born immigrants group, showing US birthplace was associated with an elevated cancer mortality. For cancer-specific mortality, US birthplace was positively associated with colorectal, liver and lung, and ovarian cancer (P values ranged from .04 to .005). Among US-born Mexican Latinos, generation status was not statistically significantly associated with overall cancer or site-specific cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that US birthplace is a risk factor for cancer death in Mexican Americans. Identification of the contributing factors is important to curtail patterns of increasing cancer mortality in US-born Mexican Latinos.
BACKGROUND: Latinos are the largest minority group in the United States. We assessed cancer mortality by birthplace and generation status of Mexican Latinos in the Multiethnic Cohort. METHODS: We included 26 751 Latinos of Mexican origin and 6093 non-Latino Whites aged 45-74 years at cohort entry (1993-1996) from the California Multiethnic Cohort component. The Mexican Latinos comprised 42% first-generation Mexico-born immigrants, 42% second-generation (28% US-born with both parents Mexico-born and 14% US-born with 1 parent US-born and 1 parent Mexico-born), and 16% third-generation or more who were US-born with both parents US-born. Multivariable Cox models were used to calculate covariate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for overall and site-specific cancer mortality by birthplace and generation status. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS: Cancer death rate was highest among the US-born with 1 parent US-born and 1 parent Mexico-born (age-adjusted rate = 471.0 per 100 000 person-years) and US-born with both parents US-born (age-adjusted rate = 469.0 per 100 000 person-years) groups. The US-born with both parents Mexico-born group had a 30% (hazard ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.18 to 1.44) higher risk of cancer death than the first-generation Mexico-born immigrants group, showing US birthplace was associated with an elevated cancer mortality. For cancer-specific mortality, US birthplace was positively associated with colorectal, liver and lung, and ovarian cancer (P values ranged from .04 to .005). Among US-born Mexican Latinos, generation status was not statistically significantly associated with overall cancer or site-specific cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that US birthplace is a risk factor for cancer death in Mexican Americans. Identification of the contributing factors is important to curtail patterns of increasing cancer mortality in US-born Mexican Latinos.
Authors: Veronica Wendy Setiawan; Pengxiao C Wei; Brenda Y Hernandez; Shelly C Lu; Kristine R Monroe; Loic Le Marchand; Jian Min Yuan Journal: Cancer Date: 2016-02-24 Impact factor: 6.860
Authors: Karen Y Gregory-Mercado; Lisa K Staten; James Ranger-Moore; Cynthia A Thomson; Julie C Will; Earl S Ford; Jose Guillen; Linda K Larkey; Anna R Giuliano; James Marshall Journal: Ethn Dis Date: 2006 Impact factor: 1.847
Authors: Ellen T Chang; Juan Yang; Theresa Alfaro-Velcamp; Samuel K S So; Sally L Glaser; Scarlett Lin Gomez Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2010-10-12 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Mark H Kuniholm; Molly Jung; James E Everhart; Scott Cotler; Gerardo Heiss; Geraldine McQuillan; Ryung S Kim; Howard D Strickler; Bharat Thyagarajan; Marston Youngblood; Robert C Kaplan; Gloria Y F Ho Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2014-01-13 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Oxana V Makarova-Rusher; Sean F Altekruse; Tim S McNeel; Susanna Ulahannan; Austin G Duffy; Barry I Graubard; Tim F Greten; Katherine A McGlynn Journal: Cancer Date: 2016-03-21 Impact factor: 6.860
Authors: Mariana Sanchez; Mario De La Rosa; Timothy C Blackson; Francisco Sastre; Patria Rojas; Tan Li; Frank Dillon Journal: Psychol Addict Behav Date: 2014-09-22
Authors: Marielena Lara; Cristina Gamboa; M Iya Kahramanian; Leo S Morales; David E Hayes Bautista Journal: Annu Rev Public Health Date: 2005 Impact factor: 21.870