Francesca Dedola1,2, Francesco Paolo Ulloa Severino3, Nicolo Meneghetti1,2, Theo Lemaire4, Andrea Cafarelli1,2, Leonardo Ricotti1,2, Arianna Menciassi1,2, Annarita Cutrone1,2, Alberto Mazzoni1,2, Silvestro Micera5,2,6. 1. 1 The Biorobotics InstituteScuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa 56025 Italy. 2. Department of Excellence in Robotics and AIScuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa 56025 Italy. 3. 2 Neuroscience AreaInternational School for Advanced Studies Trietse 341356 Italy. 4. 3 Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational NeuroEngineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Lausanne 1015 Switzerland. 5. 4 BioRobotics InstituteScuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa 56025 Italy. 6. Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational NeuroEngineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Lausanne 1015 Switzerland.
Abstract
Objective: Ultrasound (US) stimulation carries the promise of a selective, reversible, and non-invasive modulation of neural activity without the need for genetic manipulation of neural structures. However, the mechanisms of US-induced generation of action potentials (APs) are still unclear. Methods: Here we address this issue by analyzing intracellularly recorded responses of leech nociceptive neurons to controlled delivery of US. Results: US induced a depolarization linearly accumulating in time and outlasting the duration of the stimulation. Spiking activity was reliably induced for an optimal US intensity range. Moreover, we found that APs induced by US differ in smaller amplitude and faster repolarization from those induced by electrical stimulation in the same cell but display the same repolarization rate. Conclusions: These results shed light on the mechanism by which spikes are induced by US and pave the way for designing more efficient US stimulation patterns.
Objective: Ultrasound (US) stimulation carries the promise of a selective, reversible, and non-invasive modulation of neural activity without the need for genetic manipulation of neural structures. However, the mechanisms of US-induced generation of action potentials (APs) are still unclear. Methods: Here we address this issue by analyzing intracellularly recorded responses of leech nociceptive neurons to controlled delivery of US. Results: US induced a depolarization linearly accumulating in time and outlasting the duration of the stimulation. Spiking activity was reliably induced for an optimal US intensity range. Moreover, we found that APs induced by US differ in smaller amplitude and faster repolarization from those induced by electrical stimulation in the same cell but display the same repolarization rate. Conclusions: These results shed light on the mechanism by which spikes are induced by US and pave the way for designing more efficient US stimulation patterns.
Authors: Nicolas Wattiez; Charlotte Constans; Thomas Deffieux; Pierre M Daye; Mickael Tanter; Jean-François Aubry; Pierre Pouget Journal: Brain Stimul Date: 2017-07-26 Impact factor: 8.955