| Literature DB >> 35362683 |
Mengmeng Wang1, Linna Xie1, Ying Zhu1, Yifu Lu1.
Abstract
A method for the determination of 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in human serum using isotope internal standard-gas chromatography-high resolution dual-focus magnetic mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) was developed. After thawed to room temperature, 0.5 mL serum samples were mixed with 13C-labeled isotopic internal standard. Subsequently, methanol was added to precipitate the proteins in the samples. The effects of three kinds of acids on the removal of cellulite from the serum samples and the corresponding recoveries were compared, and the results revealed that sulfuric acid was the most optimal. The target compounds were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and the effects of different extraction solvents on recoveries were compared. The results indicated that n-hexane (6 mL)-methyl tert-butyl ether (6 mL) was the best extraction solvent. The extracts were cleaned and eluted using solid phase extraction cartridges. Furthermore, the factors that influenced the cleanup effects and recoveries, including the solid phase extraction columns and elution solvents, were investigated in detail. The results indicated that the optimal conditions were cleanup with a silica gel column and elution with hexane-dichloromethane (1∶1, v/v). The eluate was re-dissolved in hexane after being blown to near dryness using nitrogen. The detection of PBDEs was performed using GC-HRMS. The instrument conditions were optimized, and the capillary column used was an Rtx-1614 column (30 m×0.25 mm×0.1 μm). Helium was used as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The injector temperature was 290 ℃, and the oven temperature was programmed as follows: 150 ℃ for 2 min, 150 ℃ to 250 ℃ at 15 ℃/min, held for 1 min, 250 ℃ to 290 ℃ at 25 ℃/min, held for 3 min, and 290 ℃ to 320 ℃ at 25 ℃/min, held for 12.5 min. The injection volume was 1 μL in splitless mode. The samples were ionized in the positive electron ionization (EI) mode at 35 eV. Precursor ions and the production of each compound were identified using a voltage-selective ion detection (VSIR) program with a resolution of 10000. The ionization temperature was set at 280 ℃, and the transmission line temperature was set at 320 ℃. To ensure the integrity of the separation of low-brominated components, the column separation time was shortened, the response of high-boiling components was improved (BDE-190 and BDE-209), the decomposition of BDE-209 on the chromatographic column was effectively prevented, and the requirement of the simultaneous determination of multiple PBDEs was met. The method demonstrated good linearity in the range of 0.40 to 25 μg/L for BDE-209, and 0.08 to 5 μg/L for the other 13 PBDEs, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.995. The method detection limits (MDLs) were in the range of 0.01 to 0.51 μg/L, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.04 to 1.70 μg/L. The recoveries of the 14 compounds ranged from 75.5% to 120.7%. The intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were within 3.8%-10.9% (n=6) and the inter-day RSDs were within 4.2% to 12.4% (n=6). This method was successfully applied to the determination of 14 PBDEs in 15 serum samples from an adolescent population in an area. Notably, 1.86 to 4.66 ng/g lipid BDE-47 was detected in the serum samples with a detection frequency of 100%, and the other compounds were not detected. The results imply that the adolescent population in this region was exposed to some PBDE. Compared with the existing methods reported, this method has less sample demand and higher sensitivity and accuracy, can simultaneously determine 14 PBDEs, including BDE-209 in human serum, and effectively improve the efficiency of detection. This study offers a new method for studying the impact of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on population health in China.Entities:
Keywords: biological monitoring; gas chromatography-high resolution dual-focus magnetic mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS); liquid-liquid extraction (LLE); polybrominated diphenyl ethers; serum
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2022 PMID: 35362683 PMCID: PMC9404144 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2021.10017
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
14种PBDEs及其同位素内标的保留时间和质谱参数
| Compound | Abbreviation | Retention time/min | Monitoring ion [M+] (m/z) | Internal standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,2',4-Tribromodiphenyl ether | BDE-17 | 7.82 | 405.8027/407.8002 | 13C12-BDE-28 |
| 2,4,4'-Tribromodiphenyl ether | BDE-28 | 8.02 | 405.8027/407.8002 | 13C12-BDE-28 |
| 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-47 | 9.51 | 483.7132/485.7111 | 13C12-BDE-47 |
| 2,3',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-66 | 9.75 | 483.7132/485.7111 | 13C12-BDE-77 |
| 2,3',4',6-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-71 | 9.31 | 483.7132/485.7111 | 13C12-BDE-47 |
| 2,2',3,4,4'-Pentabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-85 | 11.52 | 563.6216/565.6196 | 13C12-BDE-100 |
| 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-99 | 11.00 | 563.6216/565.6196 | 13C12-BDE-99 |
| 2,2',4,4',6-Pentabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-100 | 10.71 | 563.6216/565.6196 | 13C12-BDE-100 |
| 2,2',3,4,4',5'-Hexabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-138 | 12.86 | 641.5322/643.5302 | 13C12-BDE-138 |
| 2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-153 | 12.20 | 641.5322/643.5302 | 13C12-BDE-153 |
| 2,2',4,4',5,6'-Hexabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-154 | 11.78 | 641.5322/643.5302 | 13C12-BDE-154 |
| 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-Heptabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-183 | 13.78 | 721.4406/723.4386 | 13C12-BDE-183 |
| 2,3,3',4,4',5,6-Heptabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-190 | 14.95 | 721.4406/723.4386 | 13C12-BDE-183 |
| Decabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-209 | 22.42 | 797.3355/799.3329 | 13C12-BDE-209 |
| 2,4,4'-Tribromodiphenyl ether-13C12 | 13C12-BDE-28 | 8.00 | 417.8429/419.8409 | |
| 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether-13C12 | 13C12-BDE-47 | 9.50 | 497.7514/499.7493 | |
| 3,3',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether-13C12 | 13C12-BDE-77 | 10.11 | 497.7514/499.7493 | |
| 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromodiphenyl ether-13C12 | 13C12-BDE-99 | 11.00 | 575.6619/577.6598 | |
| 2,2',4,4',6-Pentabromodiphenyl ether-13C12 | 13C12-BDE-100 | 10.70 | 575.6619/577.6598 | |
| 2,2',3,4,4',5'-Hexabromodiphenyl ether-13C12 | 13C12-BDE-138 | 12.85 | 655.5704/657.5683 | |
| 2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromodiphenyl ether-13C12 | 13C12-BDE-153 | 12.19 | 655.5704/657.5683 | |
| 2,2',4,4',5,6'-Hexabromodiphenyl ether-13C12 | 13C12-BDE-154 | 11.77 | 655.5704/657.5683 | |
| 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-Heptabromodiphenyl ether-13C12 | 13C12-BDE-183 | 13.77 | 733.4809/735.4788 | |
| Decabromodiphenyl ether-13C12 | 13C12-BDE-209 | 22.41 | 809.3757/811.3731 |
图1升温程序最高温度对部分目标化合物响应值的影响
图2(a)14种PBDEs和(b)同位素内标的色谱图
图3传输线温度对目标化合物响应值的影响
图4监测离子对BDE-209响应值的影响
图5萃取溶剂对目标化合物回收率的影响(n=6)
图6固相萃取柱对目标化合物回收率的影响(n=6)
图7洗脱溶剂对目标化合物回收率的影响(n=6)
14种PBDEs的线性范围、回归方程、相关系数、方法检出限(MDL)和定量限
| Compound | Linear range/(μg/L) | Linear equation | r | MDL/(μg/L) | LOQ/(μg/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BDE-17 | 0.08-5 | y=0.7414x+0.0435 | 0.999 | 0.02 | 0.07 |
| BDE-28 | 0.08-5 | y=0.7717x+0.0006 | 0.999 | 0.02 | 0.06 |
| BDE-47 | 0.08-5 | y=1.0190x+0.009 | 0.999 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| BDE-66 | 0.08-5 | y=0.6454x-0.0144 | 0.999 | 0.03 | 0.09 |
| BDE-71 | 0.08-5 | y=0.7503x+0.0230 | 0.999 | 0.02 | 0.08 |
| BDE-85 | 0.08-5 | y=0.5084x-0.0226 | 0.998 | 0.03 | 0.09 |
| BDE-99 | 0.08-5 | y=0.8007x+0.0084 | 0.999 | 0.03 | 0.10 |
| BDE-100 | 0.08-5 | y=0.9413x-0.0028 | 0.999 | 0.02 | 0.06 |
| BDE-138 | 0.08-5 | y=1.0211x-0.0127 | 0.999 | 0.04 | 0.13 |
| BDE-153 | 0.08-5 | y=0.9191x+0.0155 | 0.999 | 0.03 | 0.10 |
| BDE-154 | 0.08-5 | y=0.9278x+0.0002 | 0.999 | 0.03 | 0.09 |
| BDE-183 | 0.08-5 | y=0.8414x-0.0075 | 0.999 | 0.04 | 0.12 |
| BDE-190 | 0.08-5 | y=0.2424x-0.0073 | 0.999 | 0.08 | 0.27 |
| BDE-209 | 0.40-25 | y=0.5393x+0.0363 | 0.999 | 0.51 | 1.70 |
y: peak area ratio of quantitative ion of the analyte to IS; x: mass concentration ratio of the analyte to IS.
14种PBDEs在血清中的加标回收率和日内、日间精密度(n=6)
| Compound | 0.2 (1.0) μg/L* | 0.4 (2.0) μg/L* | 0.8 (4.0) μg/L* | Intra-day | Inter-day | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recovery/% | RSD/% | Recovery/% | RSD/% | Recovery/% | RSD/% | |||
| BDE-17 | 92.5 | 4.0 | 82.9 | 4.0 | 100.2 | 6.2 | 4.8 | 8.4 |
| BDE-28 | 118.6 | 2.5 | 119.3 | 4.1 | 120.7 | 6.6 | 4.4 | 8.4 |
| BDE-47 | 105.2 | 2.8 | 113.2 | 2.5 | 97.2 | 6.3 | 3.8 | 4.8 |
| BDE-66 | 118.9 | 3.8 | 116.5 | 1.9 | 115.4 | 6.6 | 4.1 | 8.0 |
| BDE-71 | 75.5 | 5.6 | 81.6 | 4.1 | 99.7 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 12.4 |
| BDE-85 | 119.7 | 3.7 | 116.8 | 3.7 | 108.2 | 4.7 | 4.0 | 9.5 |
| BDE-99 | 102.3 | 11.9 | 109.3 | 2.2 | 115.0 | 3.4 | 5.8 | 10.9 |
| BDE-100 | 100.1 | 7.5 | 106.6 | 1.4 | 119.4 | 6.7 | 5.2 | 5.7 |
| BDE-138 | 98.7 | 6.4 | 99.9 | 4.6 | 109.8 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 9.1 |
| BDE-153 | 88.8 | 5.7 | 98.7 | 2.6 | 107.1 | 7.3 | 5.2 | 8.6 |
| BDE-154 | 94.7 | 11.4 | 104.3 | 2.2 | 110.0 | 8.9 | 7.5 | 5.2 |
| BDE-183 | 88.8 | 10.4 | 97.8 | 3.1 | 103.8 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 9.6 |
| BDE-190 | 88.1 | 15.4 | 97.1 | 5.5 | 93.9 | 11.9 | 10.9 | 7.6 |
| BDE-209 | 89.1 | 13.9 | 89.8 | 5.2 | 97.3 | 3.8 | 7.6 | 4.2 |
* The data in brackets are mass concentrations of BDE-209.
SRM1958测定值与参考值比较(n=6)
| Compound | Experimental result/ | Certified value/ |
|---|---|---|
| BDE-17 | 0.453 | 0.458±0.032 |
| BDE-28 | 0.466 | 0.462±0.019 |
| BDE-47 | 0.656 | 0.651±0.029 |
| BDE-66 | 0.471 | 0.440±0.041 |
| BDE-99 | 0.484 | 0.492±0.015 |
| BDE-100 | 0.489 | 0.475±0.027 |
| BDE-153 | 0.412 | 0.455±0.054 |
| BDE-154 | 0.418 | 0.441±0.039 |
| BDE-183 | 0.425 | 0.453±0.042 |
NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology.
本方法与文献报道的血清中PBDEs检测方法的比较
| Method | Sample | MDLs/(μg/L) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BDE- | BDE- | BDE- | BDE- | BDE- | BDE- | BDE- | BDE- | BDE- | BDE- | BDE- | BDE- | BDE- | BDE- | ||
| GC-MS/MS[ | 1 | 0.03 | 0.03 | / | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | / | 0.03 | 0.04 | / | 0.05 | 0.2 | / |
| GC/ITD-MS/MS[ | 1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | / | 0.2 | 0.07 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | / | 1.3 | / | / |
| GC-HRMS[ | 2~5 | / | 0.01 | / | 0.02 | / | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | / | / |
| This method | 0.5 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.51 |
/: not reported.