Ayako Wendy Fujita1, Kaitlyn Werner2, Jesse T Jacob3, Rea Tschopp4, Gezahegne Mamo5, Adane Mihret6, Alemseged Abdissa6, Russell Kempker3, Paulina A Rebolledo3. 1. Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Electronic address: afujita@emory.edu. 2. Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States. 3. Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, United States. 4. Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. 5. Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 6. Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to review and describe antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevalence in humans, animals, and the environment in Ethiopia. METHODS: We conducted a structured review of literature on AMR in humans, animals, and the environment in Ethiopia from 2016-2020. We reported the pooled prevalence of AMR of bacterial pathogens in all 3 sectors. RESULTS: We included 43 articles in our review. Only 5 studies evaluated AMR across multiple sectors. The most common bacteria in humans were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. High prevalence of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were seen in gram-negative organisms, often with >50% prevalence of resistance. Highest resistance rates were seen in humans, followed by environmental isolates. Salmonella spp. exhibited higher rates of resistance than previously reported in the literature. We found methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in approximately half of S. aureus from the environment and a third from human isolates. Few studies evaluated AMR across all 3 sectors. CONCLUSION: Our review demonstrated high prevalence of AMR among bacteria in humans, animals, and the environment in Ethiopia. Integrating a One Health approach into AMR surveillance as part of Ethiopia's national surveillance program will inform future implementation of One Health interventions.
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to review and describe antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevalence in humans, animals, and the environment in Ethiopia. METHODS: We conducted a structured review of literature on AMR in humans, animals, and the environment in Ethiopia from 2016-2020. We reported the pooled prevalence of AMR of bacterial pathogens in all 3 sectors. RESULTS: We included 43 articles in our review. Only 5 studies evaluated AMR across multiple sectors. The most common bacteria in humans were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. High prevalence of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were seen in gram-negative organisms, often with >50% prevalence of resistance. Highest resistance rates were seen in humans, followed by environmental isolates. Salmonella spp. exhibited higher rates of resistance than previously reported in the literature. We found methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in approximately half of S. aureus from the environment and a third from human isolates. Few studies evaluated AMR across all 3 sectors. CONCLUSION: Our review demonstrated high prevalence of AMR among bacteria in humans, animals, and the environment in Ethiopia. Integrating a One Health approach into AMR surveillance as part of Ethiopia's national surveillance program will inform future implementation of One Health interventions.
Authors: Thomas P Van Boeckel; João Pires; Reshma Silvester; Cheng Zhao; Julia Song; Nicola G Criscuolo; Marius Gilbert; Sebastian Bonhoeffer; Ramanan Laxminarayan Journal: Science Date: 2019-09-20 Impact factor: 47.728
Authors: Patrick N A Harris; Paul A Tambyah; David C Lye; Yin Mo; Tau H Lee; Mesut Yilmaz; Thamer H Alenazi; Yaseen Arabi; Marco Falcone; Matteo Bassetti; Elda Righi; Benjamin A Rogers; Souha Kanj; Hasan Bhally; Jon Iredell; Marc Mendelson; Tom H Boyles; David Looke; Spiros Miyakis; Genevieve Walls; Mohammed Al Khamis; Ahmed Zikri; Amy Crowe; Paul Ingram; Nick Daneman; Paul Griffin; Eugene Athan; Penelope Lorenc; Peter Baker; Leah Roberts; Scott A Beatson; Anton Y Peleg; Tiffany Harris-Brown; David L Paterson Journal: JAMA Date: 2018-09-11 Impact factor: 56.272