Valvular Heart Disease in Athletes.

Valvular heart disease is prevalent in older athletes with primarily degenerative valvular disorders and younger athletes with congenital or genetic syndromes. Limited data exist on the risks and benefits of exercise for athletes with underlying valvular disorders, so current guidelines are primarily based upon expert consensus. This review focuses on the current data, guideline recommendations, and emerging clinical conundrums for athletes with common valvular heart conditions including aortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), mitral regurgitation (MR), mitral valve prolapse (MVP), and thoracic aortic aneurysms.