Dionysia Gkougka1, Konstantinos Mitropoulos1, Theodoros N Sergentanis1,2,3, Artemis Tsitsika4, Georgia Tzanakaki2, Eleni Panagouli1, Theodora Psaltopoulou1,3, Loretta Thomaidis1, Maria Tsolia1. 1. MSc Program "Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 2. Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece. 3. Department of Clinical Therapeutics, "Alexandra" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 4. MSc Program "Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. info@youth-health.gr.
Abstract
BACKROUND: This systematic review aims to examine the associations between features of gut microbiome and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) risk or severity in children, adolescents and young adults. METHODS: Eligible studies were identified in PubMed and Google Scholar databases until December 31, 2020. RESULTS: The search identified a total of 1197 items, of which 11 were included in this systematic review. The findings regarding alpha, beta diversity, bacterial phyla, orders and families were inconclusive. At the genus level an increased abundance of Odoribacter (two studies) and Eggerthella (two studies) was found in ADHD; on the contrary, decreased abundance of Faecalibacterium (three studies) was noted, whereas one study suggested its inverse association with ADHD severity and hyperactivity. One study indicated that Bacteroides species also correlated with levels of hyperactivity and impulsivity. At the species level, a lower abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, but higher of Odoribacter splanchnicus and Bacteroides uniformis was reported. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review highlights associations between gut microbiome features and ADHD. Potential mechanisms differ by microorganism and include effects on neurotransmitter production, dopamine metabolism, modulation of inflammation and neurodevelopment through the release of cytokines. IMPACT: The existence of correlations between features of gut microbiome and ADHD manifestation or its severity in children, adolescents and young adults. Associations between gut microbiome features and ADHD are highlighted. Potential mechanisms seem to differ by microorganism and include effects on neurotransmitter production, dopamine metabolism, modulation of inflammation and neurodevelopment through the release of cytokines. As correlations between gut microbiome features and ADHD seem to exist, additional studies are needed for further investigation.
BACKROUND: This systematic review aims to examine the associations between features of gut microbiome and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) risk or severity in children, adolescents and young adults. METHODS: Eligible studies were identified in PubMed and Google Scholar databases until December 31, 2020. RESULTS: The search identified a total of 1197 items, of which 11 were included in this systematic review. The findings regarding alpha, beta diversity, bacterial phyla, orders and families were inconclusive. At the genus level an increased abundance of Odoribacter (two studies) and Eggerthella (two studies) was found in ADHD; on the contrary, decreased abundance of Faecalibacterium (three studies) was noted, whereas one study suggested its inverse association with ADHD severity and hyperactivity. One study indicated that Bacteroides species also correlated with levels of hyperactivity and impulsivity. At the species level, a lower abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, but higher of Odoribacter splanchnicus and Bacteroides uniformis was reported. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review highlights associations between gut microbiome features and ADHD. Potential mechanisms differ by microorganism and include effects on neurotransmitter production, dopamine metabolism, modulation of inflammation and neurodevelopment through the release of cytokines. IMPACT: The existence of correlations between features of gut microbiome and ADHD manifestation or its severity in children, adolescents and young adults. Associations between gut microbiome features and ADHD are highlighted. Potential mechanisms seem to differ by microorganism and include effects on neurotransmitter production, dopamine metabolism, modulation of inflammation and neurodevelopment through the release of cytokines. As correlations between gut microbiome features and ADHD seem to exist, additional studies are needed for further investigation.
Authors: J J S Kooij; D Bijlenga; L Salerno; R Jaeschke; I Bitter; J Balázs; J Thome; G Dom; S Kasper; C Nunes Filipe; S Stes; P Mohr; S Leppämäki; M Casas; J Bobes; J M Mccarthy; V Richarte; A Kjems Philipsen; A Pehlivanidis; A Niemela; B Styr; B Semerci; B Bolea-Alamanac; D Edvinsson; D Baeyens; D Wynchank; E Sobanski; A Philipsen; F McNicholas; H Caci; I Mihailescu; I Manor; I Dobrescu; T Saito; J Krause; J Fayyad; J A Ramos-Quiroga; K Foeken; F Rad; M Adamou; M Ohlmeier; M Fitzgerald; M Gill; M Lensing; N Motavalli Mukaddes; P Brudkiewicz; P Gustafsson; P Tani; P Oswald; P J Carpentier; P De Rossi; R Delorme; S Markovska Simoska; S Pallanti; S Young; S Bejerot; T Lehtonen; J Kustow; U Müller-Sedgwick; T Hirvikoski; V Pironti; Y Ginsberg; Z Félegyházy; M P Garcia-Portilla; P Asherson Journal: Eur Psychiatry Date: 2018-11-16 Impact factor: 5.361
Authors: Anna N Ligezka; A Irem Sonmez; Martha P Corral-Frias; Raphael Golebiowski; Brian Lynch; Paul E Croarkin; Magdalena Romanowicz Journal: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry Date: 2020-12-01 Impact factor: 5.201