Yuan Yu1, Brent Geffen2, Hilary McCrary2, Gabriel Dunya3, John Rampton4, Chong Zhang5, Angela P Presson5, Dennis Poe6, Albert H Park2. 1. Department of Surgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 2. Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. 3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon. 4. Pediatric Radiology, Intermountain Medical Group, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. 5. Department of Internal Medicine- Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. 6. Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: (1) Measure the cartilaginous Eustachian tube (ET) length using a computed tomography (CT) scan and (2) develop a prediction model to measure this length without the need of a CT scan. STUDY DESIGN: CT measurements in children. SETTING: Children's Hospital. METHODS: CT scans were reformatted to project the cranial and caudal limits of the cartilaginous ET. The length was measured in 193 children who underwent a neck CT scan for nonotologic indications. Five physicians independently reviewed all or some of these measures. Four different models based on age, age ranges, weight, and height were created and compared to predict ET length. RESULTS: The cartilaginous ET length was 25.3 ± 3.1 mm for the right and for the left ear. The mean ET length for the females was statistically significantly less than the length in males. The lower ET lengths in children as old as 5 years of age were less than the 2 cm adult criteria used for catheter insertion. All 4 models performed equally well in predicting ET length. Model number 4, which is based on height, was the easiest to calculate ET length. CONCLUSION: The cartilaginous portion of the pediatric ET can be measured with good precision using reformatted CT images. We caution against using the "adult" criteria of 2 cm for catheter insertion in children, especially those younger than 5 years of age. We recommend using a model utilizing height measures to estimate ET length or direct measurements from a reformatted CT scan. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 2022.
OBJECTIVES: (1) Measure the cartilaginous Eustachian tube (ET) length using a computed tomography (CT) scan and (2) develop a prediction model to measure this length without the need of a CT scan. STUDY DESIGN: CT measurements in children. SETTING: Children's Hospital. METHODS: CT scans were reformatted to project the cranial and caudal limits of the cartilaginous ET. The length was measured in 193 children who underwent a neck CT scan for nonotologic indications. Five physicians independently reviewed all or some of these measures. Four different models based on age, age ranges, weight, and height were created and compared to predict ET length. RESULTS: The cartilaginous ET length was 25.3 ± 3.1 mm for the right and for the left ear. The mean ET length for the females was statistically significantly less than the length in males. The lower ET lengths in children as old as 5 years of age were less than the 2 cm adult criteria used for catheter insertion. All 4 models performed equally well in predicting ET length. Model number 4, which is based on height, was the easiest to calculate ET length. CONCLUSION: The cartilaginous portion of the pediatric ET can be measured with good precision using reformatted CT images. We caution against using the "adult" criteria of 2 cm for catheter insertion in children, especially those younger than 5 years of age. We recommend using a model utilizing height measures to estimate ET length or direct measurements from a reformatted CT scan. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 2022.
Authors: Ravi V Gottumukkala; Mannudeep K Kalra; Azadeh Tabari; Alexi Otrakji; Michael S Gee Journal: Radiographics Date: 2019-03-29 Impact factor: 5.333
Authors: Dennis Poe; Vijay Anand; Marc Dean; William H Roberts; Jose Pablo Stolovitzky; Karen Hoffmann; Nathan E Nachlas; Joshua P Light; Mark H Widick; John P Sugrue; C Layton Elliott; Seth I Rosenberg; Paul Guillory; Neil Brown; Charles A Syms; Christopher W Hilton; John T McElveen; Ameet Singh; Raymond L Weiss; Moises A Arriaga; John P Leopold Journal: Laryngoscope Date: 2017-09-20 Impact factor: 3.325
Authors: Benedicte Falkenberg-Jensen; Einar Hopp; Greg E Jablonski; Are Hugo Pripp; Juha Tapio Silvola Journal: Am J Otolaryngol Date: 2018-04-14 Impact factor: 1.808
Authors: Ted A Meyer; Ellen M O'Malley; Rodney J Schlosser; Zachary M Soler; Jason Cai; Mark J Hoy; Patrick W Slater; Jeffrey L Cutler; Roger J Simpson; Michael J Clark; Habib G Rizk; Theodore R McRackan; Christopher F D'Esposito; Shaun A Nguyen Journal: Otol Neurotol Date: 2018-08 Impact factor: 2.311
Authors: Johanna M Meulepas; Cécile M Ronckers; Anne M J B Smets; Rutger A J Nievelstein; Patrycja Gradowska; Choonsik Lee; Andreas Jahnen; Marcel van Straten; Marie-Claire Y de Wit; Bernard Zonnenberg; Willemijn M Klein; Johannes H Merks; Otto Visser; Flora E van Leeuwen; Michael Hauptmann Journal: J Natl Cancer Inst Date: 2019-03-01 Impact factor: 13.506