OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of cumulative smoking exposure and span since smoking cessation with the occurrence of peri-implantitis. METHODS: A sample of 350 individuals aged ≥ 35 years, with the presence of at least one osseointegrated implant functioning for > 5 years, were enrolled in the study. According to smoking habits, participants were categorized into 3 groups: non-smokers (NS; n = 212), former smokers (FC; n = 66), and current smokers (CS; n = 72). Complete peri-implant and periodontal examinations were evaluated. Associations between the occurrence of peri-implantitis and smoking habits, as well as potential confounders, were evaluated through univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The occurrence of peri-implantitis in the NS, FS, and CS groups was 18.2%, 19.7%, and 30.5%, respectively. A high prevalence of the overall number of cases with periodontitis (54.2%) was observed in the CS group when compared to the FS and NS groups. After adjusting for confounders, the odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of peri-implantitis was 2.63 (1.39-6.77; p < 0.001) for CS compared to NS. There was a significant dose-response relationship between pack/year of smoking and the occurrence of peri-implantitis, as well as a significant decrease in the risk as the years of smoking cessation increased. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of peri-implantitis among CS was high. The cumulative smoking exposure in an incremental manner and the shorter smoking cessation span was directly associated with a higher risk for peri-implantitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Educational and preventive strategies in general health services must attempt to reduce the adverse effects of cumulative smoking exposure and to explore the beneficial effects of smoking cessation on peri-implant status.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of cumulative smoking exposure and span since smoking cessation with the occurrence of peri-implantitis. METHODS: A sample of 350 individuals aged ≥ 35 years, with the presence of at least one osseointegrated implant functioning for > 5 years, were enrolled in the study. According to smoking habits, participants were categorized into 3 groups: non-smokers (NS; n = 212), former smokers (FC; n = 66), and current smokers (CS; n = 72). Complete peri-implant and periodontal examinations were evaluated. Associations between the occurrence of peri-implantitis and smoking habits, as well as potential confounders, were evaluated through univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The occurrence of peri-implantitis in the NS, FS, and CS groups was 18.2%, 19.7%, and 30.5%, respectively. A high prevalence of the overall number of cases with periodontitis (54.2%) was observed in the CS group when compared to the FS and NS groups. After adjusting for confounders, the odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of peri-implantitis was 2.63 (1.39-6.77; p < 0.001) for CS compared to NS. There was a significant dose-response relationship between pack/year of smoking and the occurrence of peri-implantitis, as well as a significant decrease in the risk as the years of smoking cessation increased. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of peri-implantitis among CS was high. The cumulative smoking exposure in an incremental manner and the shorter smoking cessation span was directly associated with a higher risk for peri-implantitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Educational and preventive strategies in general health services must attempt to reduce the adverse effects of cumulative smoking exposure and to explore the beneficial effects of smoking cessation on peri-implant status.
Authors: H Dreyer; J Grischke; C Tiede; J Eberhard; A Schweitzer; S E Toikkanen; S Glöckner; G Krause; M Stiesch Journal: J Periodontal Res Date: 2018-06-07 Impact factor: 4.419
Authors: Tord Berglundh; Gary Armitage; Mauricio G Araujo; Gustavo Avila-Ortiz; Juan Blanco; Paulo M Camargo; Stephen Chen; David Cochran; Jan Derks; Elena Figuero; Christoph H F Hämmerle; Lisa J A Heitz-Mayfield; Guy Huynh-Ba; Vincent Iacono; Ki-Tae Koo; France Lambert; Laurie McCauley; Marc Quirynen; Stefan Renvert; Giovanni E Salvi; Frank Schwarz; Dennis Tarnow; Cristiano Tomasi; Hom-Lay Wang; Nicola Zitzmann Journal: J Clin Periodontol Date: 2018-06 Impact factor: 8.728