Yuichiro Yano1,2, Bharat Poudel3, Ligong Chen3, Swati Sakhuja3, Byron C Jaeger4, Anthony J Viera2, Daichi Shimbo5, Donald Clark6, David Edmund Anstey5, Feng-Chang Lin7, Cora E Lewis3, James M Shikany8, Jamal S Rana9, Adolfo Correa6, Donald M Lloyd-Jones10, Joseph E Schwartz5,11, Paul Muntner3. 1. Department of Advanced Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan. 2. Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. 3. Epidemiology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. 4. Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. 5. Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. 6. Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. 7. Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North CarolinaUSA. 8. Division of Preventive Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. 9. Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California,USA. 10. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. 11. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York,USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We pooled ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data from 5 US studies, including the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, the Masked Hypertension Study, the Improving the Detection of Hypertension Study, and the North Carolina Masked Hypertension Study. Using a cross-sectional study design, we estimated differences in the prevalence of masked hypertension by race/ethnicity when out-of-office blood pressure (BP) included awake, asleep, and 24-hour BP vs. awake BP alone. METHODS: We restricted the analyses to participants with office systolic BP (SBP) <130 mm Hg and diastolic BP (DBP) <80 mm Hg. High awake BP was defined as mean SBP/DBP ≥130/80 mm Hg, high asleep BP as mean SBP/DBP ≥110/65 mm Hg, and high 24-hour BP as mean SBP/DBP ≥125/75 mm Hg. RESULTS: Among participants not taking antihypertensive medication (n = 1,292), the prevalence of masked hypertension with out-of-office BP defined by awake BP alone or by awake, asleep, or 24-hour BP was 34.5% and 48.7%, respectively, among non-Hispanic White, 39.7% and 67.6% among non-Hispanic Black, and 19.4% and 35.1% among Hispanic participants. After multivariable adjustment, non-Hispanic Black were more likely than non-Hispanic White participants to have masked hypertension by asleep or 24-hour BP but not awake BP (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.14 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-3.15) and by asleep or 24-hour BP and awake BP (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.12-2.32) vs. not having masked hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing asleep and 24-hour BP measures increases the prevalence of masked hypertension more among non-Hispanic Black vs. non-Hispanic White individuals.
BACKGROUND: We pooled ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data from 5 US studies, including the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, the Masked Hypertension Study, the Improving the Detection of Hypertension Study, and the North Carolina Masked Hypertension Study. Using a cross-sectional study design, we estimated differences in the prevalence of masked hypertension by race/ethnicity when out-of-office blood pressure (BP) included awake, asleep, and 24-hour BP vs. awake BP alone. METHODS: We restricted the analyses to participants with office systolic BP (SBP) <130 mm Hg and diastolic BP (DBP) <80 mm Hg. High awake BP was defined as mean SBP/DBP ≥130/80 mm Hg, high asleep BP as mean SBP/DBP ≥110/65 mm Hg, and high 24-hour BP as mean SBP/DBP ≥125/75 mm Hg. RESULTS: Among participants not taking antihypertensive medication (n = 1,292), the prevalence of masked hypertension with out-of-office BP defined by awake BP alone or by awake, asleep, or 24-hour BP was 34.5% and 48.7%, respectively, among non-Hispanic White, 39.7% and 67.6% among non-Hispanic Black, and 19.4% and 35.1% among Hispanic participants. After multivariable adjustment, non-Hispanic Black were more likely than non-Hispanic White participants to have masked hypertension by asleep or 24-hour BP but not awake BP (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.14 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-3.15) and by asleep or 24-hour BP and awake BP (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.12-2.32) vs. not having masked hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing asleep and 24-hour BP measures increases the prevalence of masked hypertension more among non-Hispanic Black vs. non-Hispanic White individuals.
Authors: Joseph E Schwartz; Matthew M Burg; Daichi Shimbo; Joan E Broderick; Arthur A Stone; Joji Ishikawa; Richard Sloan; Tyla Yurgel; Steven Grossman; Thomas G Pickering Journal: Circulation Date: 2016-12-06 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Salim S Virani; Alvaro Alonso; Emelia J Benjamin; Marcio S Bittencourt; Clifton W Callaway; April P Carson; Alanna M Chamberlain; Alexander R Chang; Susan Cheng; Francesca N Delling; Luc Djousse; Mitchell S V Elkind; Jane F Ferguson; Myriam Fornage; Sadiya S Khan; Brett M Kissela; Kristen L Knutson; Tak W Kwan; Daniel T Lackland; Tené T Lewis; Judith H Lichtman; Chris T Longenecker; Matthew Shane Loop; Pamela L Lutsey; Seth S Martin; Kunihiro Matsushita; Andrew E Moran; Michael E Mussolino; Amanda Marma Perak; Wayne D Rosamond; Gregory A Roth; Uchechukwu K A Sampson; Gary M Satou; Emily B Schroeder; Svati H Shah; Christina M Shay; Nicole L Spartano; Andrew Stokes; David L Tirschwell; Lisa B VanWagner; Connie W Tsao Journal: Circulation Date: 2020-01-29 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: John N Booth; D Edmund Anstey; Natalie A Bello; Byron C Jaeger; Daniel N Pugliese; Stephen Justin Thomas; Luqin Deng; James M Shikany; Donald Lloyd-Jones; Joseph E Schwartz; Cora E Lewis; Daichi Shimbo; Paul Muntner Journal: J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) Date: 2019-02-05 Impact factor: 3.738
Authors: Paul K Whelton; Robert M Carey; Wilbert S Aronow; Donald E Casey; Karen J Collins; Cheryl Dennison Himmelfarb; Sondra M DePalma; Samuel Gidding; Kenneth A Jamerson; Daniel W Jones; Eric J MacLaughlin; Paul Muntner; Bruce Ovbiagele; Sidney C Smith; Crystal C Spencer; Randall S Stafford; Sandra J Taler; Randal J Thomas; Kim A Williams; Jeff D Williamson; Jackson T Wright Journal: Hypertension Date: 2017-11-13 Impact factor: 9.897
Authors: Bailey DeBarmore; Feng-Chang Lin; Laura A Tuttle; Emily Olsson; Alan Hinderliter; Jeffrey L Klein; Anthony J Viera Journal: J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) Date: 2018-01-25 Impact factor: 3.738