Sung Hyun Yoon1, Jihang Kim1, Kyong Joon Lee1,2, Chang-Mo Nam2, Junghoon Kim1, Kyung Hee Lee1,3, Kyung Won Lee1. 1. Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. 2. Monitor Corporation, Seoul, Korea. 3. Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
Abstract
Background: When assessing the volume of pulmonary nodules on computed tomography (CT) images, there is an inevitable discrepancy between values based on the diameter-based volume calculation and the voxel-counting method, which is derived from the Euclidean distance measurement method on pixel/voxel-based digital image. We aimed to evaluate the ability of a modified diameter measurement method to reduce the discrepancy, and we determined a conversion equation to equate volumes derived from different methods. Methods: Two different anthropomorphic phantoms with subsolid and solid nodules were repeatedly scanned under various settings. Nodules in CT images were detected and segmented using a fully automated algorithm and the volume was calculated using three methods: the voxel-counting method (Vvc ), diameter-based volume calculation (Vd ), and a modified diameter-based volume calculation (Vd+ 1), in which one pixel spacing was added to the diameters in the three axes (x-, y-, and z-axis). For each nodule, Vd and Vd +1 were compared to Vvc by computing the absolute percentage error (APE) as follows: APE =100 × (V - Vvc )/Vvc . Comparisons between APEd and APEd+1 according to CT parameter setting were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test was used to evaluate trends across the four different nodule sizes. Results: The deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis (DL-CAD) successfully detected and segmented all nodules in a fully automatic manner. The APE was significantly less with Vd+1 than with Vd (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P<0.05) regardless of CT parameters and nodule size. The APE median increased as the size of the nodule decreased. This trend was statistically significant (Jonckheere-Terpstra test, P<0.001) regardless of volume measurement method (diameter-based and modified diameter-based volume calculations). Conclusions: Our modified diameter-based volume calculation significantly reduces the discrepancy between the diameter-based volume calculation and voxel-counting method. 2022 Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. All rights reserved.
Background: When assessing the volume of pulmonary nodules on computed tomography (CT) images, there is an inevitable discrepancy between values based on the diameter-based volume calculation and the voxel-counting method, which is derived from the Euclidean distance measurement method on pixel/voxel-based digital image. We aimed to evaluate the ability of a modified diameter measurement method to reduce the discrepancy, and we determined a conversion equation to equate volumes derived from different methods. Methods: Two different anthropomorphic phantoms with subsolid and solid nodules were repeatedly scanned under various settings. Nodules in CT images were detected and segmented using a fully automated algorithm and the volume was calculated using three methods: the voxel-counting method (Vvc ), diameter-based volume calculation (Vd ), and a modified diameter-based volume calculation (Vd+ 1), in which one pixel spacing was added to the diameters in the three axes (x-, y-, and z-axis). For each nodule, Vd and Vd +1 were compared to Vvc by computing the absolute percentage error (APE) as follows: APE =100 × (V - Vvc )/Vvc . Comparisons between APEd and APEd+1 according to CT parameter setting were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test was used to evaluate trends across the four different nodule sizes. Results: The deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis (DL-CAD) successfully detected and segmented all nodules in a fully automatic manner. The APE was significantly less with Vd+1 than with Vd (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P<0.05) regardless of CT parameters and nodule size. The APE median increased as the size of the nodule decreased. This trend was statistically significant (Jonckheere-Terpstra test, P<0.001) regardless of volume measurement method (diameter-based and modified diameter-based volume calculations). Conclusions: Our modified diameter-based volume calculation significantly reduces the discrepancy between the diameter-based volume calculation and voxel-counting method. 2022 Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. All rights reserved.
Authors: Dag Wormanns; Gerhard Kohl; Ernst Klotz; Anke Marheine; Florian Beyer; Walter Heindel; Stefan Diederich Journal: Eur Radiol Date: 2003-11-13 Impact factor: 5.315
Authors: Geoffrey R Oxnard; Binsheng Zhao; Camelia S Sima; Michelle S Ginsberg; Leonard P James; Robert A Lefkowitz; Pingzhen Guo; Mark G Kris; Lawrence H Schwartz; Gregory J Riely Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2011-07-05 Impact factor: 44.544
Authors: Michael K Gould; James Fletcher; Mark D Iannettoni; William R Lynch; David E Midthun; David P Naidich; David E Ost Journal: Chest Date: 2007-09 Impact factor: 9.410
Authors: Rob J van Klaveren; Matthijs Oudkerk; Mathias Prokop; Ernst T Scholten; Kristiaan Nackaerts; Rene Vernhout; Carola A van Iersel; Karien A M van den Bergh; Susan van 't Westeinde; Carlijn van der Aalst; Erik Thunnissen; Dong Ming Xu; Ying Wang; Yingru Zhao; Hester A Gietema; Bart-Jan de Hoop; Harry J M Groen; Geertruida H de Bock; Peter van Ooijen; Carla Weenink; Johny Verschakelen; Jan-Willem J Lammers; Wim Timens; Dik Willebrand; Aryan Vink; Willem Mali; Harry J de Koning Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2009-12-03 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Frank Heckel; Hans Meine; Jan H Moltz; Jan-Martin Kuhnigk; Johannes T Heverhagen; Andreas Kiessling; Boris Buerke; Horst K Hahn Journal: IEEE Trans Med Imaging Date: 2013-10-28 Impact factor: 10.048
Authors: Xueqian Xie; Yingru Zhao; Roland A Snijder; Peter M A van Ooijen; Pim A de Jong; Matthijs Oudkerk; Geertruida H de Bock; Rozemarijn Vliegenthart; Marcel J W Greuter Journal: Eur Radiol Date: 2012-07-14 Impact factor: 5.315
Authors: J K Field; S W Duffy; D R Baldwin; D K Whynes; A Devaraj; K E Brain; T Eisen; J Gosney; B A Green; J A Holemans; T Kavanagh; K M Kerr; M Ledson; K J Lifford; F E McRonald; A Nair; R D Page; M K B Parmar; D M Rassl; R C Rintoul; N J Screaton; N J Wald; D Weller; P R Williamson; G Yadegarfar; D M Hansell Journal: Thorax Date: 2015-12-08 Impact factor: 9.139