Justin P Ma1, Cason B Robbins1, Jia Min Lee2, Srinath Soundararajan1, Sandra S Stinnett1, Rupesh Agrawal3, Brenda L Plassman4, Eleonora M Lad5, Heather Whitson5, Dilraj S Grewal1, Sharon Fekrat6. 1. iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. 2. National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 3. National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. 4. iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. 5. Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. 6. iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. Electronic address: sharon.fekrat@duke.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the baseline differences and longitudinal rate of change in retinal and choroidal imaging parameters between apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) carriers and noncarriers with normal cognition. DESIGN: Prospective study. SUBJECTS: Four hundred thirteen eyes of 218 individuals with normal cognition aged ≥ 55 years with known APOE status (98 APOE ε4 carriers and 120 noncarriers). The exclusion criteria included diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled hypertension, glaucoma, and vitreoretinal or neurodegenerative disease. METHODS: OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed at baseline and 2 years (Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 with AngioPlex; Zeiss Meditec). The groups were compared using sex- and age-adjusted generalized estimating equations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: OCT parameters: retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness, central subfield thickness (CST), and choroidal vascularity index. OCT angiography parameters: foveal avascular zone area, perfusion density (PD), vessel density, peripapillary capillary PD (CPD), and capillary flux index (CFI). The rate of change per year was calculated. RESULTS: At the baseline, the APOE ε4 carriers had lower CST (P = 0.018), PD in the 6-mm ETDRS circle (P = 0.049), and temporal CFI (P = 0.047). Seventy-one APOE ε4 carriers and 78 noncarriers returned at 2 years; at follow-up, the 6-mm ETDRS circle (P = 0.05) and outer ring (P = 0.049) showed lower PD in the APOE ε4 carriers, with no differences in the rates of change between the groups (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was exploratory evidence of differences in the CST, PD, and peripapillary CFI between the APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers with normal cognition. Larger and longer-term studies may help further elucidate the potential prognostic value of these findings.
PURPOSE: To assess the baseline differences and longitudinal rate of change in retinal and choroidal imaging parameters between apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) carriers and noncarriers with normal cognition. DESIGN: Prospective study. SUBJECTS: Four hundred thirteen eyes of 218 individuals with normal cognition aged ≥ 55 years with known APOE status (98 APOE ε4 carriers and 120 noncarriers). The exclusion criteria included diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled hypertension, glaucoma, and vitreoretinal or neurodegenerative disease. METHODS: OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed at baseline and 2 years (Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 with AngioPlex; Zeiss Meditec). The groups were compared using sex- and age-adjusted generalized estimating equations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: OCT parameters: retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness, central subfield thickness (CST), and choroidal vascularity index. OCT angiography parameters: foveal avascular zone area, perfusion density (PD), vessel density, peripapillary capillary PD (CPD), and capillary flux index (CFI). The rate of change per year was calculated. RESULTS: At the baseline, the APOE ε4 carriers had lower CST (P = 0.018), PD in the 6-mm ETDRS circle (P = 0.049), and temporal CFI (P = 0.047). Seventy-one APOE ε4 carriers and 78 noncarriers returned at 2 years; at follow-up, the 6-mm ETDRS circle (P = 0.05) and outer ring (P = 0.049) showed lower PD in the APOE ε4 carriers, with no differences in the rates of change between the groups (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was exploratory evidence of differences in the CST, PD, and peripapillary CFI between the APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers with normal cognition. Larger and longer-term studies may help further elucidate the potential prognostic value of these findings.
Authors: Shira Simonovitch; Eran Schmukler; Alina Bespalko; Tal Iram; Dan Frenkel; David M Holtzman; Eliezer Masliah; Danny M Michaelson; Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski Journal: J Alzheimers Dis Date: 2016 Impact factor: 4.472
Authors: Victor T T Chan; Zihan Sun; Shumin Tang; Li Jia Chen; Adrian Wong; Clement C Tham; Tien Y Wong; Christopher Chen; M Kamran Ikram; Heather E Whitson; Eleonora M Lad; Vincent C T Mok; Carol Y Cheung Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2018-08-13 Impact factor: 12.079
Authors: Eleonora M Lad; Dibyendu Mukherjee; Sandra S Stinnett; Scott W Cousins; Guy G Potter; James R Burke; Sina Farsiu; Heather E Whitson Journal: PLoS One Date: 2018-02-08 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Dahyun Yi; Younghwa Lee; Min Soo Byun; Jun Ho Lee; Kang Ko; Bo Kyung Sohn; Young Min Choe; Hyo Jung Choi; Hyewon Baek; Chul-Ho Sohn; Yu Kyeong Kim; Dong Young Lee Journal: Alzheimers Res Ther Date: 2018-08-23 Impact factor: 6.982
Authors: L Mosconi; B Nacmias; S Sorbi; M T R De Cristofaro; M Fayazz; A Tedde; L Bracco; K Herholz; A Pupi Journal: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry Date: 2004-03 Impact factor: 10.154
Authors: Inés López-Cuenca; Elena Salobrar-García; Lidia Sánchez-Puebla; Eva Espejel; Lucía García Del Arco; Pilar Rojas; Lorena Elvira-Hurtado; José A Fernández-Albarral; Federico Ramírez-Toraño; Ana Barabash; Juan J Salazar; José M Ramírez; Rosa de Hoz; Ana I Ramírez Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2022-06-06 Impact factor: 4.964