Kirk A Muñoz1, Meagan Szarek2, Jane M Manfredi3, Sheilah A Robertson4, John Ae Hubbell5, Susan J Holcombe6. 1. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. Electronic address: munozkir@msu.edu. 2. Equine Athlete Veterinary Services, Williamston, MI, USA. 3. Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. 4. Lap of Love Veterinary Hospice, Lutz, FL, USA. 5. Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA. 6. Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of intravenous ethyl pyruvate, an anti-inflammatory with putative benefits in horses with endotoxemia, on cardiopulmonary variables during anesthesia and the quality of anesthetic recovery. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, crossover, blinded experimental design. ANIMALS: A total of six healthy Standardbred geldings, aged 13 ± 3 years and weighing 507 ± 66 kg (mean ± standard deviation). METHODS: Horses were anesthetized for approximately 90 minutes on two occasions with a minimum of 2 weeks apart using xylazine for sedation, ketamine and diazepam for induction, and isoflurane in oxygen for maintenance. Lactated Ringer's solution (LRS; 10 mL kg-1 hour-1) was administered during anesthesia. Treatments were randomized and administered starting approximately 30 minutes after induction of anesthesia and infused over 60 minutes: LRS (1 L) or ethyl pyruvate (150 mg kg-1 in 1 L LRS). Invasive arterial pressures, heart rate, respiratory rate and end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions were recorded every 5 minutes for the duration of anesthesia. Arterial blood gases, glucose and lactate concentrations were measured every 20 minutes. Anesthetic recovery was video recorded, stored, and subsequently rated by two individuals blinded to treatments. Total recovery time, time to extubation, number of attempts and time to sternal recumbency, number of attempts to stand and time to stand were recorded. Quality of recovery was analyzed. Data between treatments and within a treatment were assessed using two-way repeated-measures anova and a Pearson correlation coefficient, significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS: All horses completed the study. No significant differences were detected between the ethyl pyruvate and LRS treatments for either the cardiopulmonary variables or quality of recovery from anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results suggest that intravenous ethyl pyruvate can be administered to healthy anesthetized horses with minimal impact on the cardiopulmonary variables studied or the quality of recovery from anesthesia.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of intravenous ethyl pyruvate, an anti-inflammatory with putative benefits in horses with endotoxemia, on cardiopulmonary variables during anesthesia and the quality of anesthetic recovery. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, crossover, blinded experimental design. ANIMALS: A total of six healthy Standardbred geldings, aged 13 ± 3 years and weighing 507 ± 66 kg (mean ± standard deviation). METHODS: Horses were anesthetized for approximately 90 minutes on two occasions with a minimum of 2 weeks apart using xylazine for sedation, ketamine and diazepam for induction, and isoflurane in oxygen for maintenance. Lactated Ringer's solution (LRS; 10 mL kg-1 hour-1) was administered during anesthesia. Treatments were randomized and administered starting approximately 30 minutes after induction of anesthesia and infused over 60 minutes: LRS (1 L) or ethyl pyruvate (150 mg kg-1 in 1 L LRS). Invasive arterial pressures, heart rate, respiratory rate and end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions were recorded every 5 minutes for the duration of anesthesia. Arterial blood gases, glucose and lactate concentrations were measured every 20 minutes. Anesthetic recovery was video recorded, stored, and subsequently rated by two individuals blinded to treatments. Total recovery time, time to extubation, number of attempts and time to sternal recumbency, number of attempts to stand and time to stand were recorded. Quality of recovery was analyzed. Data between treatments and within a treatment were assessed using two-way repeated-measures anova and a Pearson correlation coefficient, significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS: All horses completed the study. No significant differences were detected between the ethyl pyruvate and LRS treatments for either the cardiopulmonary variables or quality of recovery from anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results suggest that intravenous ethyl pyruvate can be administered to healthy anesthetized horses with minimal impact on the cardiopulmonary variables studied or the quality of recovery from anesthesia.