Annemarie R Kelleghan1, Michael J Sofis2, Alan Budney2, Rachel Ceasar3, Adam M Leventhal4. 1. Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620S. McClintock Ave. SGM 501, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, 46 Centerra Pkwy, Suite 315, HB 7255, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA. 3. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA. 4. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA. Electronic address: adam.leventhal@usc.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cannabis is obtained from a variety retail and illicit sources, with unknown implications for youth cannabis use. This study assessed whether source of obtaining cannabis was associated with future cannabis use among adolescents. METHODS: High-schoolers (N = 835) completed 3 semiannual surveys, reporting use of 7 cannabis sources (i.e., free, bought from someone, from an online dispensary, with a [valid/invalid] medical card, self-grown, or other; separate dichotomous exposure variables) at wave 1 (n = 621; M[SD] age=17.14[.40]) or wave 2 (n = 622; M[SD] age=17.51[.39]). Past-6-month (yes/no) and number of past-30-day (0-30) non-medical use of any cannabis product, combustible, edible, and vaporized cannabis, blunts, and concentrates (i.e., dabs) were reported at waves 2-3. Random-effect time-lagged repeated-measures regression was used to test longitudinal associations of youth's cannabis source (waves 1-2; time-varying exposure) with cannabis use outcomes 6 months later (waves 2-3). RESULTS: Most youth (72.1%) received cannabis for free; 50.9% bought cannabis from someone, 15.9% used a valid medical card at a brick-and-mortar dispensary, and 3.9% grew cannabis. Buying cannabis from someone (OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.07-1.99, p = .02) or using a valid medical card (OR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.20-3.31, p = .008) conferred greater odds of any cannabis product use 6 months later. Buying from someone predicted subsequent past-30-day use frequency (RR=1.25, 95% CI:1.05-1.48, p = .01). Some associations between particular cannabis sources and products were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents may access cannabis from several sources. Those who purchase cannabis illicitly from someone or from a brick-and-mortar dispensary using a valid medical card may be at increased risk for more persistent and frequent patterns of non-medical cannabis use.
BACKGROUND: Cannabis is obtained from a variety retail and illicit sources, with unknown implications for youth cannabis use. This study assessed whether source of obtaining cannabis was associated with future cannabis use among adolescents. METHODS: High-schoolers (N = 835) completed 3 semiannual surveys, reporting use of 7 cannabis sources (i.e., free, bought from someone, from an online dispensary, with a [valid/invalid] medical card, self-grown, or other; separate dichotomous exposure variables) at wave 1 (n = 621; M[SD] age=17.14[.40]) or wave 2 (n = 622; M[SD] age=17.51[.39]). Past-6-month (yes/no) and number of past-30-day (0-30) non-medical use of any cannabis product, combustible, edible, and vaporized cannabis, blunts, and concentrates (i.e., dabs) were reported at waves 2-3. Random-effect time-lagged repeated-measures regression was used to test longitudinal associations of youth's cannabis source (waves 1-2; time-varying exposure) with cannabis use outcomes 6 months later (waves 2-3). RESULTS: Most youth (72.1%) received cannabis for free; 50.9% bought cannabis from someone, 15.9% used a valid medical card at a brick-and-mortar dispensary, and 3.9% grew cannabis. Buying cannabis from someone (OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.07-1.99, p = .02) or using a valid medical card (OR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.20-3.31, p = .008) conferred greater odds of any cannabis product use 6 months later. Buying from someone predicted subsequent past-30-day use frequency (RR=1.25, 95% CI:1.05-1.48, p = .01). Some associations between particular cannabis sources and products were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents may access cannabis from several sources. Those who purchase cannabis illicitly from someone or from a brick-and-mortar dispensary using a valid medical card may be at increased risk for more persistent and frequent patterns of non-medical cannabis use.
Authors: James Z Daniel; Matthew Hickman; John Macleod; Nicola Wiles; Anne Lingford-Hughes; Michael Farrell; Ricardo Araya; Petros Skapinakis; Jon Haynes; Glyn Lewis Journal: Drug Alcohol Rev Date: 2009-03
Authors: Stephen E Lankenau; Loni Philip Tabb; Avat Kioumarsi; Janna Ataiants; Ellen Iverson; Carolyn F Wong Journal: Subst Use Misuse Date: 2019-06-03 Impact factor: 2.164