Kristen Upson1, Jenni A Shearston2, Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou2. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 909 Wilson Road, Room 601, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. upsonkri@msu.edu. 2. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Menstrual blood loss, a common physiologic occurrence, provides an excretion route for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) since these chemicals are bound to proteins in blood. To increase awareness of this relationship in environmental epidemiology, we reviewed the available epidemiologic data on menstrual bleeding and PFAS concentrations. RECENT FINDINGS: Initial epidemiologic studies reported generally higher PFAS concentrations in men, menopausal women, and those with a history of hysterectomy compared to premenopausal women. Although subsequent studies investigating menstrual cycle characteristics observed somewhat discrepant results for menstrual irregularity and cycle length, consistent associations have been observed between heavy menstrual bleeding and lower PFAS concentrations. This review highlights the important role of menstrual bleeding on the excretion of PFAS. Given the high prevalence of menstrual bleeding in the population and the implications for environmental epidemiology, we provide recommendations to move this field forward.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Menstrual blood loss, a common physiologic occurrence, provides an excretion route for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) since these chemicals are bound to proteins in blood. To increase awareness of this relationship in environmental epidemiology, we reviewed the available epidemiologic data on menstrual bleeding and PFAS concentrations. RECENT FINDINGS: Initial epidemiologic studies reported generally higher PFAS concentrations in men, menopausal women, and those with a history of hysterectomy compared to premenopausal women. Although subsequent studies investigating menstrual cycle characteristics observed somewhat discrepant results for menstrual irregularity and cycle length, consistent associations have been observed between heavy menstrual bleeding and lower PFAS concentrations. This review highlights the important role of menstrual bleeding on the excretion of PFAS. Given the high prevalence of menstrual bleeding in the population and the implications for environmental epidemiology, we provide recommendations to move this field forward.
Authors: Geary W Olsen; Timothy R Church; John P Miller; Jean M Burris; Kristen J Hansen; James K Lundberg; John B Armitage; Ross M Herron; Zahra Medhdizadehkashi; John B Nobiletti; E Mary O'Neill; Jeffrey H Mandel; Larry R Zobel Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2003-12 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Suzanne E Fenton; Alan Ducatman; Alan Boobis; Jamie C DeWitt; Christopher Lau; Carla Ng; James S Smith; Stephen M Roberts Journal: Environ Toxicol Chem Date: 2020-12-07 Impact factor: 4.218