Suvichada Assawakosri1,2, Sitthichai Kanokudom1,2, Nungruthai Suntronwong1, Chompoonut Auphimai1, Pornjarim Nilyanimit1, Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana1, Thanunrat Thongmee1, Thaneeya Duangchinda3, Warangkana Chantima4,5, Pattarakul Pakchotanon3, Donchida Srimuan1, Thaksaporn Thatsanatorn1, Sirapa Klinfueng1, Ritthideach Yorsaeng1, Natthinee Sudhinaraset1, Nasamon Wanlapakorn1, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya6,7, Sittisak Honsawek2, Yong Poovorawan1,8. 1. Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. 2. Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand. 3. Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Development Agency, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand. 4. Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 5. Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 6. Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. 7. Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. 8. Fellow of Royal Society of Thailand, the Royal Society of Thailand, Sanam Sueapa, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The use of an inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine (CoronaVac) against SARS-CoV-2 is implemented worldwide. However, waning immunity and breakthrough infections have been observed. Therefore, we hypothesized that the heterologous booster might improve the protection against the delta and omicron variants. METHODS: A total of 224 individuals who completed the 2-dose CoronaVac for 6 months were included. We studied reactogenicity and immunogenicity after a heterologous booster with the inactivated vaccine (BBIBP), the viral vector vaccine (AZD1222), and the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine (both BNT162B2 and mRNA-1273). We also determined immunogenicity at 3- and 6-month boosting intervals. RESULTS: The solicited adverse events were mild to moderate and well tolerated. Total receptor binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin (Ig), anti-RBD IgG, focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50) against delta and omicron variants, and T-cell response were highest in the mRNA-1273 group followed by the BNT162b2, AZD1222, and BBIBP groups, respectively. We also witnessed a higher total Ig anti-RBD in the long-interval than in the short-interval group. CONCLUSIONS: All 4 booster vaccines significantly increased binding and neutralizing antibodies in individuals immunized with 2 doses of CoronaVac. The present evidence may benefit vaccine strategies to thwart variants of concern, including the omicron variant.
BACKGROUND: The use of an inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine (CoronaVac) against SARS-CoV-2 is implemented worldwide. However, waning immunity and breakthrough infections have been observed. Therefore, we hypothesized that the heterologous booster might improve the protection against the delta and omicron variants. METHODS: A total of 224 individuals who completed the 2-dose CoronaVac for 6 months were included. We studied reactogenicity and immunogenicity after a heterologous booster with the inactivated vaccine (BBIBP), the viral vector vaccine (AZD1222), and the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine (both BNT162B2 and mRNA-1273). We also determined immunogenicity at 3- and 6-month boosting intervals. RESULTS: The solicited adverse events were mild to moderate and well tolerated. Total receptor binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin (Ig), anti-RBD IgG, focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50) against delta and omicron variants, and T-cell response were highest in the mRNA-1273 group followed by the BNT162b2, AZD1222, and BBIBP groups, respectively. We also witnessed a higher total Ig anti-RBD in the long-interval than in the short-interval group. CONCLUSIONS: All 4 booster vaccines significantly increased binding and neutralizing antibodies in individuals immunized with 2 doses of CoronaVac. The present evidence may benefit vaccine strategies to thwart variants of concern, including the omicron variant.
Authors: Jianwu Li; Na Jiang; Qing-Lei Zeng; Yue Zhang; Xinyuan He; Yao Chu; Wenni Jin; Yi Liu; Wan Shi; Miao Yang; Weihan He; Qing Han; Le Ma; You Xu; Yaling Guo; Lei Zhang; Fanpu Ji Journal: Infect Drug Resist Date: 2022-04-22 Impact factor: 4.177