Varatharajan Sakthivadivel1, Gopal Krishana Bohra2, Nachimuthu Maithilikarpagaselvi3, Satyendra Khichar2, Mahadev Meena4, Naveenraj Palanisamy2, Archana Gaur5, Mahendra Kumar Garg2. 1. Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. 2. Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. 3. Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. 4. Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. 5. Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease and varies in the severity of presentation as well as survival outcome due to varied inflammatory responses. Hence, the present study is aimed to evaluate the role of inflammatory markers in predicting the outcome of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 272 confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in the study. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Biochemical, hematological, and inflammatory markers were assessed in all patients. Disease severity and primary outcome as survival and or mortality were recorded. Results: Hematological indices and inflammatory markers were significantly higher among the non-survivors. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) can differentiate non-survivors from survivors with 100% sensitivity and 70.2% specificity, with a cut-off value of 79.6 in the receiver operator curve (ROC). As disease severity was increasing, IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly increased among patients. Survival analysis showed that an elevated level of IL-6 was significantly associated with mortality and Cox regression analysis showed the hazard ratio (HR) of IL-6 was 0.996 (P<0.007). Conclusion: The results of the present study implicate that increased levels of IL-6 and CRP were significantly correlated with severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. In addition, the dynamic measurement of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, IL-6, and CRP in COVID-19 might be used as predictors of prognosis and outcome.
Introduction: COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease and varies in the severity of presentation as well as survival outcome due to varied inflammatory responses. Hence, the present study is aimed to evaluate the role of inflammatory markers in predicting the outcome of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 272 confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in the study. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Biochemical, hematological, and inflammatory markers were assessed in all patients. Disease severity and primary outcome as survival and or mortality were recorded. Results: Hematological indices and inflammatory markers were significantly higher among the non-survivors. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) can differentiate non-survivors from survivors with 100% sensitivity and 70.2% specificity, with a cut-off value of 79.6 in the receiver operator curve (ROC). As disease severity was increasing, IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly increased among patients. Survival analysis showed that an elevated level of IL-6 was significantly associated with mortality and Cox regression analysis showed the hazard ratio (HR) of IL-6 was 0.996 (P<0.007). Conclusion: The results of the present study implicate that increased levels of IL-6 and CRP were significantly correlated with severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. In addition, the dynamic measurement of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, IL-6, and CRP in COVID-19 might be used as predictors of prognosis and outcome.