Comparison of Growth Performance, Pigment Synthesis, and Esterase Activity of Synechococcus sp. HS01 and Limnothrix sp. KO01 in Response to Cadmium Toxicity.

Various studies have been conducted to understand the impact of environmental pollutants on cyanobacteria due to their abundant presence in aquatic and terrestrial environments, specific morphological and physiological characteristics, and high ecological flexibility in response to environmental changes. Here, the effect of different concentrations of cadmium on two native strains of cyanobacteria, namely Synechococcus sp. HS01 and Limnothrix sp. KO01 was studied and compared with each other. In this regard, the cyanobacterial growth, pigment contents, and esterase enzyme activity were evaluated after exposure of the cells to different concentrations of cadmium (II). The toxic effects of Cd(II) on the growth rate of Limnothrix sp. KO01, even at low concentrations, tended to be higher than those for Synechococcus sp. HS01. The content of pigments decreased by an increase in Cd(II) concentration. In compliance with the cell growth, the changes occurred in pigment contents of Limnothrix sp. KO01 was more sensitive than Synechococcus sp. HS01 in the presence of different concentrations of cadmium. Flow cytometry analysis of Cd(II) effects on esterase activity of both strains after 6, 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure to Cd(II) concentrations of 9, 27, 63, and 90 μM showed that tolerance to Cd(II) toxicity in Limnothrix sp. KO01 is less than Synechococcus sp. HS01. The results obtained in this study suggest high potentials of Synechococcus sp. HS01 for heavy metal bioaccumulation due to its considerable tolerance to cadmium.