Precocious meiotic centromere separation of a novel yeast chromosome.

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a reciprocal translocation between chromosome II and a linear plasmid carrying a centromere (CEN6) has split chromosome II into two fragments: one, approximately 530 kilobase pairs (kbp) in size, has the left arm and part of the right arm of chromosome II; the other, a telocentric fragment approximately 350 kbp in size, has CEN6 and the rest of the right arm of chromosome II. A cross of this yeast strain with a strain containing a complete chromosome II exhibits a high frequency of precocious centromere separation (separation of sister chromatids during meiosis I) of the telocentric fragment. Precocious centromere separation is not due to the position of the centromere per se, since diploids that are homozygous for both fragments of chromosome II segregate the telocentric fragment with normal meiotic behavior. The precocious centromere separation described here differs from previously described examples in that pairing and synapsis of this telocentric chromosome seem to be normal. One model of how centromeres function in meiosis is that replication of the centromere is delayed until the second meiotic division. Data presented in this paper indicate that replication of the centromere is complete before the first meiotic division. The precocious separation of the centromere described here may be due to improper synapsis of sequences flanking the centromere.