Changjin Huang1, Hui Li2, Juliana S Powell3, Yingshi Ouyang3, Stacy G Wendell4, Subra Suresh5, K Jimmy Hsia6, Yoel Sadovsky7, David Quinn8. 1. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Republic of Singapore. Electronic address: cjhuang@ntu.edu.sg. 2. Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Reproductive Department of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. 3. Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 4. Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 5. Nanyang Technological University, Republic of Singapore. 6. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Republic of Singapore; School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Republic of Singapore. Electronic address: kjhsia@ntu.edu.sg. 7. Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: ysadovsky@mwri.magee.edu. 8. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: djquinn@andrew.cmu.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: As highly sophisticated intercellular communication vehicles in biological systems, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been investigated as both promising liquid biopsy-based disease biomarkers and drug delivery carriers. Despite tremendous progress in understanding their biological and physiological functions, mechanical characterization of these nanoscale entities remains challenging due to the limited availability of proper techniques. Especially, whether damage to parental cells can be reflected by the mechanical properties of their EVs remains unknown. METHODS: In this study, we characterized membrane viscosities of different types of EVs collected from primary human trophoblasts (PHTs), including apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and small extracellular vesicles, using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). The biochemical origin of EV membrane viscosity was examined by analyzing their phospholipid composition, using mass spectrometry. RESULTS: We found that different EV types derived from the same cell type exhibit different membrane viscosities. The measured membrane viscosity values are well supported by the lipidomic analysis of the phospholipid compositions. We further demonstrate that the membrane viscosity of microvesicles can faithfully reveal hypoxic injury of the human trophoblasts. More specifically, the membrane of PHT microvesicles released under hypoxic condition is less viscous than its counterpart under standard culture condition, which is supported by the reduction in the phosphatidylethanolamine-to-phosphatidylcholine ratio in PHT microvesicles. DISCUSSION: Our study suggests that biophysical properties of released trophoblastic microvesicles can reflect cell health. Characterizing EV's membrane viscosity may pave the way for the development of new EV-based clinical applications.
INTRODUCTION: As highly sophisticated intercellular communication vehicles in biological systems, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been investigated as both promising liquid biopsy-based disease biomarkers and drug delivery carriers. Despite tremendous progress in understanding their biological and physiological functions, mechanical characterization of these nanoscale entities remains challenging due to the limited availability of proper techniques. Especially, whether damage to parental cells can be reflected by the mechanical properties of their EVs remains unknown. METHODS: In this study, we characterized membrane viscosities of different types of EVs collected from primary human trophoblasts (PHTs), including apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and small extracellular vesicles, using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). The biochemical origin of EV membrane viscosity was examined by analyzing their phospholipid composition, using mass spectrometry. RESULTS: We found that different EV types derived from the same cell type exhibit different membrane viscosities. The measured membrane viscosity values are well supported by the lipidomic analysis of the phospholipid compositions. We further demonstrate that the membrane viscosity of microvesicles can faithfully reveal hypoxic injury of the human trophoblasts. More specifically, the membrane of PHT microvesicles released under hypoxic condition is less viscous than its counterpart under standard culture condition, which is supported by the reduction in the phosphatidylethanolamine-to-phosphatidylcholine ratio in PHT microvesicles. DISCUSSION: Our study suggests that biophysical properties of released trophoblastic microvesicles can reflect cell health. Characterizing EV's membrane viscosity may pave the way for the development of new EV-based clinical applications.
Authors: Shivani Sharma; Haider I Rasool; Viswanathan Palanisamy; Cliff Mathisen; Michael Schmidt; David T Wong; James K Gimzewski Journal: ACS Nano Date: 2010-04-27 Impact factor: 15.881
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Authors: Gyula Batta; Lilla Soltész; Tamás Kovács; Tamás Bozó; Zoltán Mészár; Miklós Kellermayer; János Szöllősi; Peter Nagy Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2018-01-09 Impact factor: 4.379