Paraskevi V Voulgari1, Aliki I Venetsanopoulou1, Natasa Kalpourtzi2, Magda Gavana3, Apostolos Vantarakis4, Christos Hadjichristodoulou5, Grigoris Chlouverakis6, Grigoris Trypsianis7, Yannis Alamanos8, Giota Touloumi2. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Clinic, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece. 2. Dept of Hygiene, Epidemiology, & Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 3. Dept of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, Medical School of Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece. 4. Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, Patra, Greece. 5. Dept of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece. 6. Laboratory of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece. 7. Laboratory of Medical Statistics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Thrace, Greece. 8. Institute of Epidemiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Corfu, Greece.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nationwide data on thyroid disease prevalence in Greece is lacking. Using the national health examination survey EMENO data resources, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and associated risk factors in adults living in Greece. METHODS: A random sample of the adults (≥18 years) living in Greece was drawn by multi-stage stratified random sampling based on the 2011 census. During home visits, trained interviewers administered a standardized questionnaire to study participants. All participants answered questions concerning demographic parameters (e.g., age, sex, degree of urbanization, income) and questions concerning smoking habits, alcohol, dietary habits and psychological parameters such as anxiety and thyroid disease. Weighted logistic regression models were fitted to assess factors associated with thyroid disease. RESULTS: In total, 6006 individuals were recruited in the Greek Health Examination Survey EMENO (response rate 72%) of whom 5981 were eligible for this study. The prevalence of thyroid disease was 9%, where 0.4% was related to hyperthyroidism and 8.6% to hypothyroidism. The prevalence of thyroid disease was higher in women (14.9%) than men (2.7%) (p<0.001). The highest rates of thyroid disease were observed in former iodine-deficient areas. A decrease in the prevalence of thyroidopathies with increasing alcohol consumption was found. Thyroid disease was associated with anxiety in men. Multivariable regression analysis showed that age, geographic area, and smoking were related to thyroid disease. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of thyroid disease in Greece is higher in women. Age, habits, and characteristics of geographic areas determine the distribution of thyroidopathies in Greece.
BACKGROUND: Nationwide data on thyroid disease prevalence in Greece is lacking. Using the national health examination survey EMENO data resources, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and associated risk factors in adults living in Greece. METHODS: A random sample of the adults (≥18 years) living in Greece was drawn by multi-stage stratified random sampling based on the 2011 census. During home visits, trained interviewers administered a standardized questionnaire to study participants. All participants answered questions concerning demographic parameters (e.g., age, sex, degree of urbanization, income) and questions concerning smoking habits, alcohol, dietary habits and psychological parameters such as anxiety and thyroid disease. Weighted logistic regression models were fitted to assess factors associated with thyroid disease. RESULTS: In total, 6006 individuals were recruited in the Greek Health Examination Survey EMENO (response rate 72%) of whom 5981 were eligible for this study. The prevalence of thyroid disease was 9%, where 0.4% was related to hyperthyroidism and 8.6% to hypothyroidism. The prevalence of thyroid disease was higher in women (14.9%) than men (2.7%) (p<0.001). The highest rates of thyroid disease were observed in former iodine-deficient areas. A decrease in the prevalence of thyroidopathies with increasing alcohol consumption was found. Thyroid disease was associated with anxiety in men. Multivariable regression analysis showed that age, geographic area, and smoking were related to thyroid disease. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of thyroid disease in Greece is higher in women. Age, habits, and characteristics of geographic areas determine the distribution of thyroidopathies in Greece.
Authors: A G Doufas; G Mastorakos; S Chatziioannou; S Tseleni-Balafouta; G Piperingos; M A Boukis; E Mantzos; C S Caraiskos; J Mantzos; M Alevizaki; D A Koutras Journal: Eur J Endocrinol Date: 1999-06 Impact factor: 6.664
Authors: Peter Laurberg; Torben Jørgensen; Hans Perrild; Lars Ovesen; Nils Knudsen; Inge Bülow Pedersen; Lone B Rasmussen; Allan Carlé; Pernille Vejbjerg Journal: Eur J Endocrinol Date: 2006-08 Impact factor: 6.664
Authors: Stavroula Lambrinakou; Maria Efthymia Katsa; Sofia Zyga; Anastasios Ioannidis; Athanasios Sachlas; Georgios Panoutsopoulos; Anna Maria Pistikou; Maria Magana; Dafni Eleni Kougioumtzi Dimoligianni; Petros Kolovos; Andrea Paola Rojas Gil Journal: Adv Exp Med Biol Date: 2017 Impact factor: 2.622