Eric D Claus1, Sara K Blaine2, Katie Witkiewitz3, Emily B Ansell1. 1. Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. 2. Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA. 3. Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Simultaneous or concurrent use (co-use) of alcohol and cannabis is associated with greater use of both substances over time, academic difficulties, more severe substance use consequences, and adverse impacts on cognitive functioning than the use of a single substance or no substance use. This study examined potential neural mechanisms underlying co-use behaviors in comparison to single substance use. Specifically, we compared alcohol cue reactivity and stress-cue reactivity among individuals who reported frequent same-day co-use of alcohol and cannabis and individuals who reported only alcohol use. METHODS: The sample included 88 individuals (41 women) who reported only alcohol use and 24 individuals (8 women) who reported co-use of alcohol and cannabis on at least 50% of drinking occasions. All participants completed fMRI stress and alcohol cue reactivity tasks. Because of known sex effects on stress reactivity and alcohol cue reactivity, we tested sex by co-use interactions. RESULTS: During alcohol cue presentation, co-users had less activation in the thalamus and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex than alcohol-only users, effects that were driven by differences in responses to neutral cues. Examination of stress cue reactivity revealed sex by co-use interactions in the lingual gyrus, with women co-users showing a greater difference between negative and neutral cue reactivity than all other groups. In addition, women co-users had greater connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and both the medial orbitofrontal cortex and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex during negative cue presentation than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide preliminary evidence of enhanced stress cue reactivity in individuals reporting co-use of alcohol and cannabis, particularly women co-users.
BACKGROUND: Simultaneous or concurrent use (co-use) of alcohol and cannabis is associated with greater use of both substances over time, academic difficulties, more severe substance use consequences, and adverse impacts on cognitive functioning than the use of a single substance or no substance use. This study examined potential neural mechanisms underlying co-use behaviors in comparison to single substance use. Specifically, we compared alcohol cue reactivity and stress-cue reactivity among individuals who reported frequent same-day co-use of alcohol and cannabis and individuals who reported only alcohol use. METHODS: The sample included 88 individuals (41 women) who reported only alcohol use and 24 individuals (8 women) who reported co-use of alcohol and cannabis on at least 50% of drinking occasions. All participants completed fMRI stress and alcohol cue reactivity tasks. Because of known sex effects on stress reactivity and alcohol cue reactivity, we tested sex by co-use interactions. RESULTS: During alcohol cue presentation, co-users had less activation in the thalamus and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex than alcohol-only users, effects that were driven by differences in responses to neutral cues. Examination of stress cue reactivity revealed sex by co-use interactions in the lingual gyrus, with women co-users showing a greater difference between negative and neutral cue reactivity than all other groups. In addition, women co-users had greater connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and both the medial orbitofrontal cortex and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex during negative cue presentation than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide preliminary evidence of enhanced stress cue reactivity in individuals reporting co-use of alcohol and cannabis, particularly women co-users.
Authors: Eric D Claus; Sarah W Feldstein Ewing; Francesca M Filbey; Amithrupa Sabbineni; Kent E Hutchison Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology Date: 2011-06-15 Impact factor: 7.853
Authors: Amanda E Higley; Natania A Crane; Andrea D Spadoni; Susan B Quello; Vivian Goodell; Barbara J Mason Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl) Date: 2011-05-24 Impact factor: 4.530
Authors: John M Salsman; Zeeshan Butt; Paul A Pilkonis; Jill M Cyranowski; Nicholas Zill; Hugh C Hendrie; Mary Jo Kupst; Morgen A R Kelly; Rita K Bode; Seung W Choi; Jin-Shei Lai; James W Griffith; Catherine M Stoney; Pim Brouwers; Sarah S Knox; David Cella Journal: Neurology Date: 2013-03-12 Impact factor: 9.910