Objectives: Tattooing is an ancient practice and its popularity has been increasing in the recent years. After tattooing, complications may occur related to compose tattoo inks. In this study, the phototoxicity potential of the blue, red and black colors of the most commonly used three different commercially-available tattoo ink brands have been examined by performing in vitro 3T3-neutral red uptake (NRU) phototoxicity test. Materials and Methods: In the study, the phototoxicity of serial diluted concentrations of tattoo inks were evaluated with in vitro 3T3-NRU phototoxicity test method according to OECD guide 432. The data obtained from the NRU test result were uploaded to Phototox software (version 2.0) and the phototoxicity potentials of tattoo inks were determined via the calculation of the mean photo effect (MPE) and photo irritation factor (PIF) values. Results: The red, black and blue colors of three different commercially available tattoo inks did not cause a cytotoxic activity on BALB/c 3T3 cells with 3T3-NRU test. The IC50 values could not be determined +ultraviolet (UV) and -UV conditions. PIF values could not be calculated and MPE values were <0.1, which predicts the absence of phototoxic effect for all of the tested tattoo inks. Conclusion: All tested inks were evaluated as non-phototoxic according to the results of MPE values calculated using Phototox software. However, test results should be verified by other phototoxicity test methods to obtain a comprehensive evaluation of phototoxic complications of different tattoo inks.
Objectives: Tattooing is an ancient practice and its popularity has been increasing in the recent years. After tattooing, complications may occur related to compose tattoo inks. In this study, the phototoxicity potential of the blue, red and black colors of the most commonly used three different commercially-available tattoo ink brands have been examined by performing in vitro 3T3-neutral red uptake (NRU) phototoxicity test. Materials and Methods: In the study, the phototoxicity of serial diluted concentrations of tattoo inks were evaluated with in vitro 3T3-NRU phototoxicity test method according to OECD guide 432. The data obtained from the NRU test result were uploaded to Phototox software (version 2.0) and the phototoxicity potentials of tattoo inks were determined via the calculation of the mean photo effect (MPE) and photo irritation factor (PIF) values. Results: The red, black and blue colors of three different commercially available tattoo inks did not cause a cytotoxic activity on BALB/c 3T3 cells with 3T3-NRU test. The IC50 values could not be determined +ultraviolet (UV) and -UV conditions. PIF values could not be calculated and MPE values were <0.1, which predicts the absence of phototoxic effect for all of the tested tattoo inks. Conclusion: All tested inks were evaluated as non-phototoxic according to the results of MPE values calculated using Phototox software. However, test results should be verified by other phototoxicity test methods to obtain a comprehensive evaluation of phototoxic complications of different tattoo inks.
Authors: Peter Laux; Tewes Tralau; Jutta Tentschert; Annegret Blume; Sascha Al Dahouk; Wolfgang Bäumler; Eric Bernstein; Beatrice Bocca; Alessandro Alimonti; Helen Colebrook; Christa de Cuyper; Lars Dähne; Urs Hauri; Paul C Howard; Paul Janssen; Linda Katz; Bruce Klitzman; Nicolas Kluger; Lars Krutak; Thomas Platzek; Victoria Scott-Lang; Jørgen Serup; Wera Teubner; Ines Schreiver; Elena Wilkniß; Andreas Luch Journal: Lancet Date: 2015-07-23 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Johannes Regensburger; Karin Lehner; Tim Maisch; Rudolf Vasold; Francesco Santarelli; Eva Engel; Anita Gollmer; Burkhard König; Michael Landthaler; Wolfgang Bäumler Journal: Exp Dermatol Date: 2010-08 Impact factor: 3.960