Qiu-Yu Li1, Fei Liu1, Xiaoxiao Tang1, Haidong Fu1, Jianhua Mao1. 1. Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The kidney requires abundant blood supply, and oxygen is transmitted by diffusion through blood vessels. Most physiological metabolism of the kidney depends on oxygen, so it is very sensitive to oxygen. An increasing pool of evidence suggests that hypoxia is involved in almost all acute and chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Vascular damage, tubular injury, and fibrosis are the main pathologies associated during hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the main mediators during hypoxia, but their functions remain controversial. This article reviewed recent studies and described its mechanisms on renoprotection. SUMMARY: HIF is degraded rapidly during under normal oxygen. But under hypoxia, HIFs accumulate and many target genes are regulated by HIFs. Homeostasis during injury is maintained through these genes. Pretreatment of HIF can protect the kidney from acute hypoxia and can improve repair, but HIF's role in CKD and in renal tumor is still controversial. Due to its mechanism in kidney disease, many drugs toward HIFs are widely researched, even some of which have been used in clinical or in clinical research. KEY MESSAGES: In this review, we described the known physiological mechanisms, target genes, and renal protective roles of HIFs, and we discussed several drugs that are researched due to such renal protective roles.
BACKGROUND: The kidney requires abundant blood supply, and oxygen is transmitted by diffusion through blood vessels. Most physiological metabolism of the kidney depends on oxygen, so it is very sensitive to oxygen. An increasing pool of evidence suggests that hypoxia is involved in almost all acute and chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Vascular damage, tubular injury, and fibrosis are the main pathologies associated during hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the main mediators during hypoxia, but their functions remain controversial. This article reviewed recent studies and described its mechanisms on renoprotection. SUMMARY: HIF is degraded rapidly during under normal oxygen. But under hypoxia, HIFs accumulate and many target genes are regulated by HIFs. Homeostasis during injury is maintained through these genes. Pretreatment of HIF can protect the kidney from acute hypoxia and can improve repair, but HIF's role in CKD and in renal tumor is still controversial. Due to its mechanism in kidney disease, many drugs toward HIFs are widely researched, even some of which have been used in clinical or in clinical research. KEY MESSAGES: In this review, we described the known physiological mechanisms, target genes, and renal protective roles of HIFs, and we discussed several drugs that are researched due to such renal protective roles.
Authors: Jennifer P Ngo; Saptarshi Kar; Michelle M Kett; Bruce S Gardiner; James T Pearson; David W Smith; John Ludbrook; John F Bertram; Roger G Evans Journal: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol Date: 2014-09-10
Authors: Javier Rodriguez; Ruth Pilkington; Amaya Garcia Munoz; Lan K Nguyen; Nora Rauch; Susan Kennedy; Naser Monsefi; Ana Herrero; Cormac T Taylor; Alex von Kriegsheim Journal: Cell Rep Date: 2016-03-10 Impact factor: 9.423