Yifan Chen1,2,3, Fay Y Womer4, Ruiqi Feng1,5, Xizhe Zhang2,6, Yanbo Zhang7, Jia Duan1,2,3, Miao Chang1,5, Zhiyang Yin1, Xiaowei Jiang1, Shengnan Wei1, Yange Wei1,2,3, Yanqing Tang1, Fei Wang1,2,3. 1. Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. 2. Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. 3. Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States. 5. School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. 6. Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. 7. Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The confounding effects of antipsychotics that led to the inconsistencies of neuroimaging findings have long been the barriers to understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ). Although it is widely accepted that antipsychotics can alleviate psychotic symptoms during the early most acute phase, the longer-term effects of antipsychotics on the brain have been unclear. This study aims to look at the susceptibility of different imaging measures to longer-term medicated status through real-world observation. METHODS: We compared gray matter volume (GMV) with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) in 89 medicated-schizophrenia (med-SZ), 81 unmedicated-schizophrenia (unmed-SZ), and 235 healthy controls (HC), and the differences were explored for relationships between imaging modalities and clinical variables. We also analyzed age-related effects on GMV and ALFF values in the two patient groups (med-SZ and unmed-SZ). RESULTS: Med-SZ demonstrated less GMV in the prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe, cingulate gyri, and left insula than unmed-SZ and HC (p < 0.05, family-wise error corrected). Additionally, GMV loss correlated with psychiatric symptom relief in all SZ. However, medicated status did not influence ALFF values: all SZ showed increased ALFF in the anterior cerebrum and decreased ALFF in posterior visual cortices compared with HC (p < 0.05, family-wise error corrected). Age-related GMV effects were seen in all regions, which showed group-level differences except fusiform gyrus. No significant correlation was found between ALFF values and psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSION: GMV loss appeared to be pronounced to longer-term antipsychotics, whereby imbalanced alterations in regional low-frequency fluctuations persisted unaffected by antipsychotic treatment. Our findings may help to understand the disease course of SZ and potentially identify a reliable neuroimaging feature for diagnosis.
BACKGROUND: The confounding effects of antipsychotics that led to the inconsistencies of neuroimaging findings have long been the barriers to understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ). Although it is widely accepted that antipsychotics can alleviate psychotic symptoms during the early most acute phase, the longer-term effects of antipsychotics on the brain have been unclear. This study aims to look at the susceptibility of different imaging measures to longer-term medicated status through real-world observation. METHODS: We compared gray matter volume (GMV) with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) in 89 medicated-schizophrenia (med-SZ), 81 unmedicated-schizophrenia (unmed-SZ), and 235 healthy controls (HC), and the differences were explored for relationships between imaging modalities and clinical variables. We also analyzed age-related effects on GMV and ALFF values in the two patient groups (med-SZ and unmed-SZ). RESULTS: Med-SZ demonstrated less GMV in the prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe, cingulate gyri, and left insula than unmed-SZ and HC (p < 0.05, family-wise error corrected). Additionally, GMV loss correlated with psychiatric symptom relief in all SZ. However, medicated status did not influence ALFF values: all SZ showed increased ALFF in the anterior cerebrum and decreased ALFF in posterior visual cortices compared with HC (p < 0.05, family-wise error corrected). Age-related GMV effects were seen in all regions, which showed group-level differences except fusiform gyrus. No significant correlation was found between ALFF values and psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSION: GMV loss appeared to be pronounced to longer-term antipsychotics, whereby imbalanced alterations in regional low-frequency fluctuations persisted unaffected by antipsychotic treatment. Our findings may help to understand the disease course of SZ and potentially identify a reliable neuroimaging feature for diagnosis.
Authors: Vicente Molina; Santiago Reig; Javier Sanz; Tomás Palomo; Carlos Benito; Javier Sánchez; Fernando Sarramea; Javier Pascau; Manuel Desco Journal: Schizophr Res Date: 2005-09-16 Impact factor: 4.939
Authors: Aristotle N Voineskos; Benoit H Mulsant; Erin W Dickie; Nicholas H Neufeld; Anthony J Rothschild; Ellen M Whyte; Barnett S Meyers; George S Alexopoulos; Matthew J Hoptman; Jason P Lerch; Alastair J Flint Journal: JAMA Psychiatry Date: 2020-07-01 Impact factor: 21.596
Authors: Theo G M van Erp; Esther Walton; Derrek P Hibar; Lianne Schmaal; Wenhao Jiang; David C Glahn; Godfrey D Pearlson; Nailin Yao; Masaki Fukunaga; Ryota Hashimoto; Naohiro Okada; Hidenaga Yamamori; Juan R Bustillo; Vincent P Clark; Ingrid Agartz; Bryon A Mueller; Wiepke Cahn; Sonja M C de Zwarte; Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol; René S Kahn; Roel A Ophoff; Neeltje E M van Haren; Ole A Andreassen; Anders M Dale; Nhat Trung Doan; Tiril P Gurholt; Cecilie B Hartberg; Unn K Haukvik; Kjetil N Jørgensen; Trine V Lagerberg; Ingrid Melle; Lars T Westlye; Oliver Gruber; Bernd Kraemer; Anja Richter; David Zilles; Vince D Calhoun; Benedicto Crespo-Facorro; Roberto Roiz-Santiañez; Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez; Carmel Loughland; Vaughan J Carr; Stanley Catts; Vanessa L Cropley; Janice M Fullerton; Melissa J Green; Frans A Henskens; Assen Jablensky; Rhoshel K Lenroot; Bryan J Mowry; Patricia T Michie; Christos Pantelis; Yann Quidé; Ulrich Schall; Rodney J Scott; Murray J Cairns; Marc Seal; Paul A Tooney; Paul E Rasser; Gavin Cooper; Cynthia Shannon Weickert; Thomas W Weickert; Derek W Morris; Elliot Hong; Peter Kochunov; Lauren M Beard; Raquel E Gur; Ruben C Gur; Theodore D Satterthwaite; Daniel H Wolf; Aysenil Belger; Gregory G Brown; Judith M Ford; Fabio Macciardi; Daniel H Mathalon; Daniel S O'Leary; Steven G Potkin; Adrian Preda; James Voyvodic; Kelvin O Lim; Sarah McEwen; Fude Yang; Yunlong Tan; Shuping Tan; Zhiren Wang; Fengmei Fan; Jingxu Chen; Hong Xiang; Shiyou Tang; Hua Guo; Ping Wan; Dong Wei; Henry J Bockholt; Stefan Ehrlich; Rick P F Wolthusen; Margaret D King; Jody M Shoemaker; Scott R Sponheim; Lieuwe De Haan; Laura Koenders; Marise W Machielsen; Therese van Amelsvoort; Dick J Veltman; Francesca Assogna; Nerisa Banaj; Pietro de Rossi; Mariangela Iorio; Fabrizio Piras; Gianfranco Spalletta; Peter J McKenna; Edith Pomarol-Clotet; Raymond Salvador; Aiden Corvin; Gary Donohoe; Sinead Kelly; Christopher D Whelan; Erin W Dickie; David Rotenberg; Aristotle N Voineskos; Simone Ciufolini; Joaquim Radua; Paola Dazzan; Robin Murray; Tiago Reis Marques; Andrew Simmons; Stefan Borgwardt; Laura Egloff; Fabienne Harrisberger; Anita Riecher-Rössler; Renata Smieskova; Kathryn I Alpert; Lei Wang; Erik G Jönsson; Sanne Koops; Iris E C Sommer; Alessandro Bertolino; Aurora Bonvino; Annabella Di Giorgio; Emma Neilson; Andrew R Mayer; Julia M Stephen; Jun Soo Kwon; Je-Yeon Yun; Dara M Cannon; Colm McDonald; Irina Lebedeva; Alexander S Tomyshev; Tolibjohn Akhadov; Vasily Kaleda; Helena Fatouros-Bergman; Lena Flyckt; Geraldo F Busatto; Pedro G P Rosa; Mauricio H Serpa; Marcus V Zanetti; Cyril Hoschl; Antonin Skoch; Filip Spaniel; David Tomecek; Saskia P Hagenaars; Andrew M McIntosh; Heather C Whalley; Stephen M Lawrie; Christian Knöchel; Viola Oertel-Knöchel; Michael Stäblein; Fleur M Howells; Dan J Stein; Henk S Temmingh; Anne Uhlmann; Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo; Danai Dima; Agnes McMahon; Joshua I Faskowitz; Boris A Gutman; Neda Jahanshad; Paul M Thompson; Jessica A Turner Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2018-05-14 Impact factor: 12.810