Uncommon complication of nasoenteral feeding tube: A case report.

BACKGROUND: The jejunal nutrition tube has increasingly been used in clinical practice, and the results in frequent complications. CASE
SUMMARY: We present the case of a 74-year-old male patient who had been admitted to the intensive care unit for aspiration pneumonia and respiratory failure. When confirming the position of the jejunal tube by X-ray, we found that the feeding tube had been placed into the chest. The complications was a disaster, though the misplacement of jejunal feeding tube are uncommon.
CONCLUSION: We introduced a way of ultrasound-guided jejunum feeding tube placement to avert the disaster, which was convenient and economical. ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

Core Tip: We report a case of a patient who has a serious complication during the catheterization of the jejunal tube and introduce a way of using of bedside ultrasound to guide the placement of the jejunal tube to avert the disaster, which was convenient and economical.

INTRODUCTION

Early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients who cannot eat by mouth is widely recommended by the clinical practice guidelines of nutrition[1]. For patients at high risk of aspiration and who were intolerant of oral or gastric feeding the advice is to place a post-pyloric feeding tube[2,3]. Complication of jejunal feeding tubes are rare. A recent report revealed that a jejunal tube caused gastrointestinal perforation[4]. In this case report, we will present a case where a jejunal feeding tube was placed into the chest and provide a brief overview of a method to avoid the complication of placing a jejunal feeding tube. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient’s family for publication of this manuscript and any accompanying images.

CASE PRESENTATION

Chief complaints

A 74-year-old male patient who with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for aspiration pneumonia and respiratory failure.

History of present illness

He had a prolonged course of treatment and a nasoduodenal feeding tube blind placed at the bedside.

Imaging examinations

A chest X-ray revealed that the position of the nasoduodenal feeding tube was in the chest (Figure 1A). An abdominal X-ray also made it clear that the nasoduodenal feeding tube was not placed in the abdomen (Figure 1B). Visual laryngoscopy revealed that the tube entered the airway together with the windpipe (Figure 2).

Figure 1

X-ray after placement of the feeding tube. A: Abdominal X-ray shows there is no jejunal tube in the abdomen, and the jejunal tube is on the diaphragm; B: Chest X-ray shows the jejunal tube is in the chest.

Figure 2

Visual laryngoscopy after placement of the feeding tube. The blue arrow is feeding tube and the orange arrow is windpipe.

FINAL DIAGNOSIS

The patient suffered from pneumothorax due to tracheal pleura leakage, which occurred when the feeding tube was immediately removed.

TREATMENT

We administered chest drainage in the middle of the clavicle and second ribs.

OUTCOME AND FOLLOW-UP

However, the patient died as a result of the aggravation of the lung infection.

DISCUSSION

The most commonly used non-invasive method of enteral nutrition is a nasogastrojejunal tube. The jejunal nutrition tube has increasingly been used in clinical practice, and the results in frequent complications[4,5]. The traditional method of intubation depends on the operator experience, X-ray, and gastroscope. Nasogastrojejunal tube insertion based on a minimally invasive catheterization procedure, combined with ultrasound guidance, is becoming more prevalent[6]. The use of bedside ultrasound to guide the placement of the jejunal tube is safe, convenient and economical. One of the common complications of indwelling jejunal tubes is the misplaced airway as reported in this case. How can we avoid it? When the cannula is about 30 cm, we need to observe the patient's response and ventilator condition. Even neck ultrasound determines access to the esophagus. If the patient has a severe cough response or a leak and a high pressure alarm, it may suggest that the tube has entered the airway. When the tube is placed around 50 cm, we need to complete a test of pumping. If you can hear the gas over water (bubble sound), then the catheter head has entered the stomach. If not, the patient should be reintubated.

CONCLUSION

The complication of blind bedside jejunal feeding tube placement was a disaster. Ultrasound guidance under visualization can avoid serious complications. Practitioners need to pay attention to patient response and the ventilator during catheterization.