| Literature DB >> 35198120 |
Leandro Masini Ribeiro1, Paulo Henrique Schmidt Lara1, Alberto de Castro Pochini1, Carlos Vicente Andreoli1, Paulo Santoro Belangero1, Benno Ejnisman1.
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the muscular strength of the internal (IR) and external (ER) rotators of the shoulder after Bristow/Latarjet surgery. Methods Cross-sectional study with 18 patients (36 shoulders). The isokinetic evaluation was performed using the Biodex 3 System Pro dynamometer (Biodex Medical System, Inc., Shirley, NY, USA). The athletic shoulder outcome rating scale (ASORS) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were applied. Results The values of peak torque and maximum work in concentric and eccentric mode on the non-operated shoulder were higher than on the operated side for both the IR and ER ( p < 0.01). The conventional and functional balance between the ER and IR showed no differences between the operated and the non-operated side. When comparing patients with postoperative time < 1 year or 1 year, no differences were observed in peak torque values at 60°/s and 240°/s and maximum work at 60°/s and 240°/s of the IR to the operated shoulder. However, the peak torque values of 60°/s and 240°/s and maximum work at 60°/s and 240°/s of the ER were higher in subjects with postoperative time ≥ 1 year in all variables ( p < 0.05). Conclusions There was a decrease in the strength of the IR and ER in the operated shoulder compared with the healthy shoulder. However, the conventional and functional balance was maintained. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: isokinetic evaluation; orthopedic procedures; shoulder dislocation
Year: 2021 PMID: 35198120 PMCID: PMC8856852 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726059
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Fig. 1
Fig. 2Biodex 3 System Pro ® dynamometer.
Fig. 3Photo of the patient's isokinetic evaluation.
Isokinetic evaluation of internal and external rotators
| Internal rotator | External rotator | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average/SD |
| Average/SD |
| ||
| Peak torque 60°/s (Nm/kg) | Operated | 0.487 ± 0.116 |
| 0.252 ± 0.081 |
|
| Non-operated | 0.589 ± 0.157 | 0.328 ± 0.094 | |||
| Peak torque 240°/s (Nm/kg) | Operated | 0.411 ± 0.149 |
| 0.188 ± 0.079 |
|
| Non-operated | 0.471 ± 0.160 | 0.265 ± 0.123 | |||
| Maximum work 60°/s (J/kg) | Operated | 47.9 ± 11.5 |
| 23.0 ± 8.4 |
|
| Non-operated | 60.0 ± 16.1 | 33.5 ± 10.0 | |||
| Maximum work 240°/s (J/kg) | Operated | 34.3 ± 13.6 |
| 13.1 ± 7.0 |
|
| Non-operated | 42.6 ± 16.7 | 20.1 ± 9.1 | |||
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval.
Student paired t-test was used considering p < 0.05 values as statistically significant difference.
Isokinetic balance assessment
| Balance | Average |
| |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional (ERc/IRc) 60°/s (%) | Operated | 51.9% ± 13.7% | 0.199 |
| Non-operated | 56.3% ± 12.0% | ||
| Functional (ERecc/Rc) 60°/s (%) | Operated | 2.68 ± 1.86 | 0.568 |
| Non-operated | 2.54 ± 1.59 | ||
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval.
Student paired t-test was used considering p < 0.05 values as statistically significant difference.
Isokinetic evaluation of the internal and external rotators of operated shoulder in patients with postsurgical time < 1 year and 1 year
| Isokinetic Time (Operated) | Average ± SD |
| |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peak torque 60°/s IR (%) | < 1 year | 0.469 ± 0.148 | 0.546 |
| ≥1 year | 0.506 ± .079 | ||
| Maximum work 60°/s IR (J) | < 1 year | 43.4 ± 13.0 | 0.123 |
| ≥1 year | 52.4 ± 8.4 | ||
| Peak torque 240°/s IR (%) | < 1 year | 0.382 ± 0.173 | 0.46 |
| ≥1 year | 0.440 ± 0.125 | ||
| Maximum work 240°/s IR (J) | < 1 year | 32.8 ± 17.5 | 0.679 |
| ≥1 year | 35.8 ± 9.3 | ||
| Peak torque 60°/s ER (%) | < 1 year | 0.191 ± 0.065 | < 0.001 |
| ≥1 year | 0.314 ± 0.036 | ||
| Maximum work 60°/s ER (J) | < 1year | 16.9 ± 7.2 | 0.001 |
| ≥1 year | 29.0 ± 4.1 | ||
| Peak torque 240°/s ER (%) | < 1year | 0.147 ± 0.075 | 0.034 |
| ≥1 year | 0.228 ± 0.063 | ||
| Maximum work 240°/s ER (J) | < 1year | 9.4 ± 5.6 | 0.03 |
| ≥1 year | 16.8 ± 6.6 | ||
| Conventional balance (ERc/IRc) 60°/s (%) | < 1year | 41.2% ± 9.9% | < 0.001 |
| ≥1 year | 62.6% ± 6.4% | ||
| Functional balance (ERecc/Rc) 60°/s (%) | < 1year | 2.60 ± 2.20 | 0.866 |
| ≥1 year | 2.77 ± 1.60 | ||
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval.
Student paired t-test was used considering p < 0.05 values as statistically significant difference.
Isokinetic evaluation of the internal and external rotators of operated shoulder according to angular loss of movement < 10 degrees and 10 degrees
| Loss External Rotation | Average |
| |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peak torque 60°/s IR (%) | <10 | 0.460 ± 0.123 | 0.359 |
| 10 | 0.515 ± 0.110 | ||
| Maximum work 60°/s IR (J) | <10 | 47.8 ± 13.5 | 0.959 |
| 10 | 48.1 ± 10.1 | ||
| Peak torque 240°/s IR (%) | <10 | 0.351 ± 0.110 | 0.109 |
| 10 | 0.471 ± 0.165 | ||
| Maximum work 240°/s IR (J) | < 10 | 30.9 ± 12.9 | 0.329 |
| 10 | 37.7 ± 14.3 | ||
| Peak torque 60°/s ER (%) | < 10 | 0.250 ± 0.083 | 0.925 |
| 10 | 0.254 ± 0.085 | ||
| Maximum work 60°/s ER (J) | < 10 | 24.4 ± 8.7 | 0.51 |
| 10 | 21.5 ± 8.5 | ||
| Peak torque 240°/s ER (%) | < 10 | 0.169 ± 0.069 | 0.35 |
| 10 | 0.207 ± 0.087 | ||
| Maximum work 240°/s ER (J) | < 10 | 11.9 ± 6.3 | 0.522 |
| 10 | 14.3 ± 7.9 | ||
| Conventional balance (ERc/IRc) 60°/s (%) | < 10 | 53.9% ± 11.2% | 0.565 |
| 10 | 49.9% ± 16.3% | ||
| Functional balance (ERecc/Rc) 60°/s (%) | < 10 | 2.80 ± 2.15 | 0.807 |
| 10 | 2.56 ± 1.66 | ||
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval.
Student paired t-test was used considering p < 0.05 values as statistically significant difference.
Comparison of peak torque between different studies in the literature
| Author | Evaluation | Peak torque | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Internal Rotation | External Rotation | ||
| Wredmark et al., 1992 | Operated x healthy shoulder | Similar | Similar |
| Dautya et al., 2007 | Preoperative: Healthy X injured shoulder | Similar | Similar |
| Postoperative: Operated x healthy shoulder | Similar | Similar | |
| Injured shoulder: preoperative X postoperative | Eccentric (9–15% defict) | Similar | |
| Edouard et al., 2012 | Injured shoulder: preoperative X postoperative | 3M: -28% ± 20% | 3M: -17% ± 17% |
| 6M and 21M: Similar | 6M and 21M: Similar | ||
| Caubère et al., 2017 | Healthy X operated shoulder | 60°/S -13% // 240°/S -10% | 60°/S -19% // 240°/S -10% |
| Ribeiro et al. | Operated x healthy shoulder | 60°/S - 17.3% // 240°/S - 12.7% | 60°/S - 23.2% // 240°/S - 29.1% |
Fig. 1Fluxograma do tratamento.
Fig. 2Dinamômetro Biodex 3 System Pro .
Fig. 3Foto da avaliação isocinética do paciente.
Avaliação isocinética dos rotadores medial e lateral
| Rotador medial | Rotador lateral | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Média/DP |
| Média/DP |
| ||
| Pico de torque 60°/s (Nm/kg) | Operado | 0,487 ± 0,116 |
| 0,252 ± 0,081 |
|
| Não operado | 0,589 ± 0,157 | 0,328 ± 0,094 | |||
| Pico de torque 240°/s (Nm/kg) | Operado | 0,411 ± 0,149 |
| 0,188 ± 0,079 |
|
| Não operado | 0,471 ± 0,160 | 0,265 ± 0,123 | |||
| Trabalho máximo 60°/s (J/kg) | Operado | 47,9 ± 11,5 |
| 23,0 ± 8,4 |
|
| Não operado | 60,0 ± 16,1 | 33,5 ± 10,0 | |||
| Trabalho máximo 240°/s (J/kg) | Operado | 34,3 ± 13,6 |
| 13,1 ± 7,0 |
|
| Não operado | 42,6 ± 16,7 | 20,1 ± 9,1 | |||
Abreviaturas: DP, desvio padrão; IC, intervalo de confiança.
Foi utilizado o teste T de Student pareado, considerando como diferença estatisticamente significativa valores de p < 0,05.
Avaliação isocinética do equilíbrio
| Equilíbrio | Média |
| |
|---|---|---|---|
| Convencional (RLc/RMc) 60°/s (%) | Operado | 51,9% ± 13,7% | 0,199 |
| Não operado | 56,3% ± 12,0% | ||
| Funcional (RLecc/Rc) 60°/s (%) | Operado | 2,68 ± 1,86 | 0,568 |
| Não operado | 2,54 ± 1,59 | ||
Abreviaturas: DP, desvio padrão; IC, intervalo de confiança.
Foi utilizado o teste T de Student pareado, considerando como diferença estatisticamente significativa valores de p < 0,05.
Avaliação isocinética dos rotadores medial e lateral do ombro operado em pacientes com tempo pós-cirúrgico < 1 ano e ≥ 1 ano
| Tempo isocinético (operado) | Média ± DP |
| |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pico de torque 60°/s RM (%) | < 1 ano | 0,469 ± 0,148 | 0,546 |
| ≥ 1ano | 0,506 ± 0,079 | ||
| Trabalho máximo 60°/s RM (J) | < 1ano | 43,4 ± 13,0 | 0,123 |
| ≥ 1ano | 52,4 ± 8,4 | ||
| Pico de torque 240°/s RM (%) | < 1ano | 0,382 ± 0,173 | 0,46 |
| ≥ 1ano | 0,440 ± 0,125 | ||
| Trabalho máximo 240°/s RM (J) | < 1ano | 32,8 ± 17,5 | 0,679 |
| ≥ 1ano | 35,8 ± 9,3 | ||
| Pico de torque 60°/s RL (%) | < 1ano | 0,191 ± 0,065 | < 0,001 |
| ≥ 1ano | 0,314 ± 0,036 | ||
| Trabalho máximo 60°/s RL (J) | < 1ano | 16,9 ± 7,2 | 0,001 |
| ≥ 1ano | 29,0 ± 4,1 | ||
| Pico de torque 240°/s RL (%) | < 1ano | 0,147 ± 0,075 | 0,034 |
| ≥ 1ano | 0,228 ± 0,063 | ||
| Trabalho máximo 240°/s RL (J) | < 1ano | 9,4 ± 5,6 | 0,03 |
| ≥ 1ano | 16,8 ± 6,6 | ||
| Equilíbrio convencional (RLc/RMc) 60°/s (%) | < 1ano | 41,2% ± 9,9% | < 0,001 |
| ≥ 1ano | 62,6% ± 6,4% | ||
| Equilíbrio funcional (RLecc/Rc) 60°/s (%) | < 1ano | 2,60 ± 2,20 | 0,866 |
| ≥ 1ano | 2,77 ± 1,60 | ||
Abreviaturas: DP, desvio padrão; IC, intervalo de confiança.
Foi utilizado o teste T de Student pareado, considerando como diferença estatisticamente significativa valores de p < 0,05.
Avaliação isocinética dos rotadores medial e lateral do ombro operado de acordo com a perda angular de movimento < 10 graus e ≥ 10 graus
| Perda de rotação lateral | Média |
| |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pico de torque 60°/s RM (%) | < 10 | 0,460 ± 0,123 | 0,359 |
| ≥ 10 | 0,515 ± 0,110 | ||
| Trabalho máximo 60°/s RM (J) | < 10 | 47,8 ± 13,5 | 0,959 |
| ≥ 10 | 48,1 ± 10,1 | ||
| Pico de torque 240°/s RM (%) | < 10 | 0,351 ± 0,110 | 0,109 |
| ≥ 10 | 0,471 ± 0,165 | ||
| Trabalho máximo 240°/s RM (J) | < 10 | 30,9 ± 12,9 | 0,329 |
| ≥ 10 | 37,7 ± 14,3 | ||
| Pico de torque 60°/s RL (%) | < 10 | 0,250 ± 0,083 | 0,925 |
| ≥ 10 | 0,254 ± 0,085 | ||
| Trabalho máximo 60°/s RL (J) | < 10 | 24,4 ± 8,7 | 0,51 |
| ≥ 10 | 21,5 ± 8,5 | ||
| Pico de torque 240°/s RL (%) | < 10 | 0,169 ± 0,069 | 0,35 |
| ≥ 10 | 0,207 ± 0,087 | ||
| Trabalho máximo 240°/s RL (J) | < 10 | 11,9 ± 6,3 | 0,522 |
| ≥ 10 | 14,3 ± 7,9 | ||
| Equilibrio convencional (RLc/RMc) 60°/s (%) | < 10 | 53,9% ± 11,2% | 0,565 |
| ≥ 10 | 49,9% ± 16,3% | ||
| Equilibrio funcional (RLecc/Rc) 60°/s (%) | < 10 | 2,80 ± 2,15 | 0,807 |
| ≥ 10 | 2,56 ± 1,66 | ||
Abreviaturas: DP, desvio padrão; IC, intervalo de confiança.
Foi utilizado o teste T de Student pareado, considerando como diferença estatisticamente significativa valores de p < 0,05.
Comparação do pico de torque entre diferentes estudos da literatura
| Autor | Avaliação | Pico de torque | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rotação medial | Rotação lateral | ||
| Wredmark et al., 1992 | Ombro operado x saudável | Semelhante | Semelhante |
| Dautya et al., 2007 | Pré-operatório: Ombro lesionado X saudável | Semelhante | Semelhante |
| Pós-operatório: Ombro operado x saudável | Semelhante | Semelhante | |
| Ombro lesionado: pré-operatório X pós-operatório | Excêntrico (défict de 9–15%) | Semelhante | |
| Edouard et al., 2012 | Ombro lesionado: pré-operatório X pós-operatório | 3m: -28% ± 20% | 3m: -17% ± 17% |
| 6m e 21m: Semelhante | 6m e 21m: Semelhante | ||
| Caubère et al., 2017 | Ombro operado X saudável | 60°/S -13% // 240°/S -10% | 60°/S -19% // 240°/S -10% |
| Ribeiro et al. | Ombro operado x saudável | 60°/S - 17,3% // 240°/S - 12,7% | 60°/S - 23,2% // 240°/S - 29,1% |