Melissa L Martinson1, Jessica Lapham1, Hazal Ercin-Swearinger2, Julien O Teitler3, Nancy E Reichman4. 1. School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 2. Department of Social Work, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey. 3. School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA. 4. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare cardiovascular (CV) risks/conditions of Millennials (born 1981-1996) to those of Generation X (Gen X; born 1965-1980) at ages 20-34 years, across 2 countries (United States, England), by gender. METHODS: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (United States) and Health Survey for England, we estimated weighted unadjusted and adjusted gender-specific proportions of CV risk factors/conditions, separately for Millennials and Generation X in each country. We also further calculated sex-specific generational differences in CV risk factor/conditions by income tercile and for individuals with normal body weight. RESULTS: Millennials in the United States were more obese compared to their Gen X counterparts and more likely to have diabetes risk but less likely to smoke or have high cholesterol. Millennials in England had higher diabetes risk but similar or lower rates of other CV risk/conditions compared to their Gen X counterparts. Generational changes could not be fully attributed to increases in obesity or decreases in income. DISCUSSION: We expected that Millennial CV risk factors/conditions would be worse than those of Gen X, particularly in the United States, because Millennials came of age during the Great Recession and a period of increasing population obesity. Millennials generally fared worse than their Gen X counterparts in terms of obesity and diabetes risk, especially in the United States, but had lower rates of smoking and high cholesterol in both countries. Secular trends of increasing obesity and decreased economic opportunities did not appear to lead to uniform generational differences in CV risk factors.
OBJECTIVES: To compare cardiovascular (CV) risks/conditions of Millennials (born 1981-1996) to those of Generation X (Gen X; born 1965-1980) at ages 20-34 years, across 2 countries (United States, England), by gender. METHODS: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (United States) and Health Survey for England, we estimated weighted unadjusted and adjusted gender-specific proportions of CV risk factors/conditions, separately for Millennials and Generation X in each country. We also further calculated sex-specific generational differences in CV risk factor/conditions by income tercile and for individuals with normal body weight. RESULTS: Millennials in the United States were more obese compared to their Gen X counterparts and more likely to have diabetes risk but less likely to smoke or have high cholesterol. Millennials in England had higher diabetes risk but similar or lower rates of other CV risk/conditions compared to their Gen X counterparts. Generational changes could not be fully attributed to increases in obesity or decreases in income. DISCUSSION: We expected that Millennial CV risk factors/conditions would be worse than those of Gen X, particularly in the United States, because Millennials came of age during the Great Recession and a period of increasing population obesity. Millennials generally fared worse than their Gen X counterparts in terms of obesity and diabetes risk, especially in the United States, but had lower rates of smoking and high cholesterol in both countries. Secular trends of increasing obesity and decreased economic opportunities did not appear to lead to uniform generational differences in CV risk factors.
Authors: Mark J Pletcher; Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo; Cora E Lewis; Gina S Wei; Steve Sidney; J Jeffrey Carr; Eric Vittinghoff; Charles E McCulloch; Stephen B Hulley Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 2008-07-15 Impact factor: 25.391
Authors: Yiyi Zhang; Eric Vittinghoff; Mark J Pletcher; Norrina B Allen; Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri; Kristine Yaffe; Pallavi P Balte; Alvaro Alonso; Anne B Newman; Diane G Ives; Jamal S Rana; Donald Lloyd-Jones; Ramachandran S Vasan; Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo; Holly C Gooding; Sarah D de Ferranti; Elizabeth C Oelsner; Andrew E Moran Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2019-07-23 Impact factor: 24.094